Abstract
One strategy deployed by plants to endure water scarcity is to accelerate the transition to flowering adaptively via the drought escape (DE) response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, activation of the DE response requires the photoperiodic response gene GIGANTEA (GI) and the florigen genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF). The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is also required for the DE response, by promoting the transcriptional up-regulation of the florigen genes. The mode of interaction between ABA and the photoperiodic genes remains obscure. In this work we use a genetic approach to demonstrate that ABA modulates GI signalling and consequently its ability to activate the florigen genes. We also reveal that the ABA-dependent activation of FT, but not TSF, requires CONSTANS (CO) and that impairing ABA signalling dramatically reduces the expression of florigen genes with little effect on the CO transcript profile. ABA signalling thus has an impact on the core genes of photoperiodic signalling GI and CO by modulating their downstream function and/or activities rather than their transcript accumulation. In addition, we show that as well as promoting flowering, ABA simultaneously represses flowering, independent of the florigen genes. Genetic analysis indicates that the target of the repressive function of ABA is the flowering-promoting gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), a transcription factor integrating floral cues in the shoot meristem. Our study suggests that variations in ABA signalling provide different developmental information that allows plants to co-ordinate the onset of the reproductive phase according to the available water resources.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
ABA modulated GI signaling and its activation of florigen genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Gene
- GIe0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- activate the florigen genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA modulates GI signalling and consequently its ability to activate the florigen genes.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-dependent FT activation required CO.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- FTe0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- activation of FTe0
- Qualifier
- requires CONSTANS (CO)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ABA-dependent activation of FT, but not TSF, requires CONSTANS (CO)”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-dependent TSF activation did not require CO.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- TSFe0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- activation of FT, but not TSFe0
- Qualifier
- requires CONSTANS (CO)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ABA-dependent activation of FT, but not TSF, requires CONSTANS (CO)”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Impaired ABA signaling markedly reduced florigen gene expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- impairing ABA signallinge0
- Outcome
- expression of florigen genese0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“impairing ABA signalling dramatically reduces the expression of florigen genes with little effect on the CO transcript profile.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Impaired ABA signaling had little effect on the CO transcript profile.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- impairing ABA signallinge0
- Outcome
- CO transcript profilee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“impairing ABA signalling dramatically reduces the expression of florigen genes with little effect on the CO transcript profile.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA signaling affected downstream function or activity of GI and CO rather than transcript accumulation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- GI and COe0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- downstream function and/or activitiese0
- Qualifier
- rather than their transcript accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA signalling thus has an impact on the core genes of photoperiodic signalling GI and CO by modulating their downstream function and/or activities rather than their transcript accumulation.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA promoted flowering.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- promoting floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as promoting flowering, ABA simultaneously represses flowering, independent of the florigen genes.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA also repressed flowering independently of florigen genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- represses floweringe0
- Qualifier
- independent of the florigen genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA simultaneously represses flowering, independent of the florigen genes.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SOC1 was identified as the target of ABA-mediated flowering repression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)e0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- repressive function of ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the target of the repressive function of ABA is the flowering-promoting gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
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