Abstract
Results of the few studies on the symbiosis of rhizobia and common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that have evaluated the effects of new fungicides applied to seeds have been inconclusive, that is, some showed no effects and others showed harmful effects. This study tested the compatibility between commercial fungicides, currently recommended for treatment of seeds, and symbiosis of common bean with rhizobia. Two field experiments were performed in the 2012/2013 spring–summer crop season in two Brazilian municipalities. A randomized block experimental design with four replicates and a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement was used, consisting of five seed treatments {the fungicides: carboxin(carboxamide) + thiram (dimethyldithiocarbamate) = Vitavax‐Thiram (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions Ltda, Sumaré, Brazil); fludioxonil(phenylpyrrol) + metalaxyl‐M(acilalaninato) = MaximXL (Syngenta Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil); fluazinam (phenylpyridin‐amine) + thiophanate‐methyl[benzimidazole(precursor of)] = Certeza (Iharabras S.A., Sorocaba, Brazil), and carbendazim (benzimidazole) = Carbomax (Nufarm S.A., Maracanaú, Brazil) and one control without fungicide} with or without rhizobial inoculation. Seeds from the cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola were treated with the fungicides at manufacturer recommended application rates and then inoculated with Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 T . The majority of parameters related to nodulation, plant growth, and N nutrition showed significant differences between sites. However, all parameters had values within or above the acceptable ranges. Depending on the site, the fungicide carboxin+thiram decreased the stand of plants, and carbendazim resulted in lower grain N concentration. However, regardless of the site, the fungicides did not influence nodulation, plant growth, shoot N concentration, or grain yield at the application rate recommended by the manufacturers. Core Ideas Environment influences effects of fungicide on rhizobia symbiosis. Native rhizobia resulted in grain yield similar to inoculation with CIAT 899 T . The fungicides did not influence rhizobia symbiosis effects on plant.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Most nodulation, growth and nitrogen parameters differed significantly between sites.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Outcome
- parameters related to nodulation, plant growth, and N nutritione0
- Setting
- sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The majority of parameters related to nodulation, plant growth, and N nutrition showed significant differences between sites”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
All assessed parameters were within or above acceptable ranges.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- all parameterse0
- Direction
- within or abovee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all parameters had values within or above the acceptable ranges”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxin plus thiram decreased bean stand depending on site.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- carboxin+thirame0
- Outcome
- stand of plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Depending on the sitee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on the site, the fungicide carboxin+thiram decreased the stand of plants”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim lowered bean grain nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- carbendazime0
- Outcome
- grain N concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim resulted in lower grain N concentration”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides did not influence bean nodulation, growth or shoot nitrogen concentration at recommended rates.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- nodulation, plant growth, shoot N concentratione0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Qualifier
- application rate recommended by the manufacturerse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fungicides did not influence nodulation, plant growth, shoot N concentration, or grain yield at the application rate recommended by the manufacturers”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides did not influence bean grain yield at recommended rates.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fungicides did not influence nodulation, plant growth, shoot N concentration, or grain yield at the application rate recommended by the manufacturers”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Native rhizobia and CIAT 899 T inoculation gave similar bean grain yield.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Native rhizobiae0
- Interactor
- Native rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- inoculation with CIAT 899 Te0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Native rhizobia resulted in grain yield similar to inoculation with CIAT 899 T”
t0“Common Bean”
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.