Abstract
For three years, higher dry matter yields have been obtained from grasses inoculated with tropical strains of the bacterium Spirillum lipoferum than uninoculated counterparts. During the first year, 1974, inoculated Panicum maximum (guineagrass) and Digitada decumbens (digitgrass) produced 80% and 61% more protein than uninoculated controls. In 1975, inoculation produced significantly higher protein and dry matter yields in Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) and P. maximum. Projected yields using regression analysis of both pearl millet and guineagrass indicated that about 40 kg N ha-1 yr1 were replaced by inoculation. Although overall production was lower during 1976, yield responses due to inoculation were similar to those of 1975 in guineagrass. Nitrogen fertilizer was required to enhance response to inoculation and higher rates of nitrogen fertilizer repressed response. Acetylene reduction verified that nitrogen fixation occurred, but did not correlate well with yield increases. Immunofluorescent techniques were used to specifically identify and monitor Spirillum lipoferum popula tions in the soil. These data are being used to evaluate inoculation procedures. Inoculation with Spirillum lipoferum has given yield increases for three consecutive years in Florida. This indicates: 1. response to inoculation can be repeated. 2. economically important amounts of nitrogen can be replaced by inoculation. 3. a high potential exists for developing grass-bacteria systems.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated grasses had higher dry matter yields over three years.
- Taxon
- grassese0
- Treatment
- inoculated with tropical strains of the bacterium Spirillum lipoferume0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferum
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- dry matter yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For three years, higher dry matter yields have been obtained from grasses inoculated with tropical strains of the bacterium Spirillum lipoferum than uninoculated counterparts”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated Panicum maximum produced 80% more protein in 1974.
- Taxon
- Panicum maximum
.jpg?width=60)
Megathyrsus maximuse0 - Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“During the first year, 1974, inoculated Panicum maximum (guineagrass) and Digitada decumbens (digitgrass) produced 80% and 61% more protein than uninoculated controls”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated Digitada decumbens produced 61% more protein in 1974.
- Taxon
- Digitada decumbense0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 61%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the first year, 1974, inoculated Panicum maximum (guineagrass) and Digitada decumbens (digitgrass) produced 80% and 61% more protein than uninoculated controls”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly increased protein and dry matter yields in pearl millet in 1975.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum americanum
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- protein and dry matter yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1975, inoculation produced significantly higher protein and dry matter yields in Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) and P. maximum”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly increased protein and dry matter yields in guineagrass in 1975.
- Taxon
- P. maximumMegathyrsus maximuse0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- protein and dry matter yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1975, inoculation produced significantly higher protein and dry matter yields in Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) and P. maximum”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression projected inoculation would replace about 40 kg N ha-1 yr1 in pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- N ha-1 yr1 were replaced by inoculatione0
- Direction
- replacede0
- Value
- 40 kg N ha-1 yr1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Projected yields using regression analysis of both pearl millet and guineagrass indicated that about 40 kg N ha-1 yr1 were replaced by inoculation”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression projected inoculation would replace about 40 kg N ha-1 yr1 in guineagrass.
- Taxon
- guineagrassMegathyrsus maximuse0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- N ha-1 yr1 were replaced by inoculatione0
- Direction
- replacede0
- Value
- 40 kg N ha-1 yr1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Projected yields using regression analysis of both pearl millet and guineagrass indicated that about 40 kg N ha-1 yr1 were replaced by inoculation”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Guineagrass inoculation yield responses in 1976 resembled 1975 despite lower overall production.
- Taxon
- guineagrassMegathyrsus maximuse0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield responsese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- overall production was lower during 1976e0
- Comparator
- those of 1975e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although overall production was lower during 1976, yield responses due to inoculation were similar to those of 1975 in guineagrass”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer enhanced inoculation response.
- Taxon
- grassese1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizere0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- response to inoculatione0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer was required to enhance response to inoculation”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen fertilizer rates repressed inoculation response.
- Taxon
- grassese1
- Treatment
- higher rates of nitrogen fertilizere0
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher rates of nitrogen fertilizer repressed response”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetylene reduction verified nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- grassese1
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixation occurrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetylene reduction verified that nitrogen fixation occurred”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetylene reduction did not correlate well with yield increases.
- Taxon
- grassese1
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield increasese0
- Direction
- did not correlate welle0
- Qualifier
- Acetylene reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetylene reduction verified that nitrogen fixation occurred, but did not correlate well with yield increases”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Immunofluorescence identified and monitored Spirillum lipoferum populations in soil.
- Taxon
- grassese1
- Interactor
- Spirillum lipoferumAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- identify and monitor Spirillum lipoferum popula tions in the soile0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immunofluorescent techniques were used to specifically identify and monitor Spirillum lipoferum popula tions in the soil”
e1“grasses inoculated with tropical strains”
t0“Spirillum lipoferum”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Azospirillum brasilense · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
inoculation · Azospirillum brasilense · Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.