Abstract
Experiments were designed to determine if the combination of 7-oxabicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall and (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), a nonherbicidal defoliant, applied at volumes less than runoff would effectively defoliate bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings and to compare the abscission response of bean and ash to lower and upper leaf surface treatments of endothall/ethephon. Defoliation of bean and ash from endothall/ethephon volumes of one-half or one-quarter runoff was as effective as runoff. Lower leaf surface treatments on bean caused significantly more leaf drop than upper surface treatments and, although leaf abscission of white ash was no different from lower surface treatments than upper, it occurred faster. (Author)
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Half or quarter runoff endothall/ethephon defoliated bean as effectively as runoff.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation of bean and ash from endothall/ethephon volumes of one-half or one-quarter runoff was as effective as runoff.”
Claim · model-written summary
Half or quarter runoff endothall/ethephon defoliated ash as effectively as runoff.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation of bean and ash from endothall/ethephon volumes of one-half or one-quarter runoff was as effective as runoff.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower leaf surface treatment caused more bean leaf drop than upper surface treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Lower leaf surface treatments on bean caused significantly more leaf drop than upper surface treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
White ash leaf abscission did not differ between lower and upper surface treatments.
- Taxon
- white ash
Fraxinus americanae0 - Treatment
- lower surface treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf abscissione0
- Direction
- no differente0
- Comparator
- uppere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf abscission of white ash was no different from lower surface treatments than upper”
Claim · model-written summary
White ash leaf abscission occurred faster after lower than upper leaf surface treatment.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae0
- Treatment
- lower surface treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf abscissione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- uppere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf abscission of white ash was no different from lower surface treatments than upper, it occurred faster”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · pest · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.