Abstract
Abstract Severely chlorotic ‘Delicious’ apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) trees growing in a calcareous soil were pressure-injected with a 1.0% (w/w) ferrous sulfate solution. Net photosynthesis (Pn) of iron-treated trees was at least 50% greater than controls within 10 days after injection and reached as high as 115% above controls during the first growing season. Chlorophyll (Chl) concentration closely paralleled Pn during the first growing season, but the correlation was not as strong thereafter. During the 3rd growing season after injection, Pn of injected trees declined, yet still remained greater than controls until September (last sampling date). Visual chlorosis reappeared in the young terminal leaves near the end of the 3rd growing season. Stomatal diffusive resistance was unaffected by the treatments. Foliar iron concentrations in treated trees increased above the controls for about 2 months after injection. Thereafter, foliar iron content gradually decreased until the end of the first growing season, after which concentrations were similar to controls. Results indicate that injection of iron into chlorotic apple trees can enhance Pn and Chl for at least 3 growing seasons.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Iron injection increased net photosynthesis by at least 50% within 10 days.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- iron-treatede0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthesis (Pn)e0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 50%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthesis (Pn) of iron-treated trees was at least 50% greater than controls within 10 days after injection”
t0“Apple Trees”
t1“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis reached as high as 115% above controls in the first growing season.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- injection with Ferrous Sulfatet1
- Outcome
- Net Photosynthesist0
- Direction
- abovee0
- Value
- 115%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reached as high as 115% above controls during the first growing season.”
t0“Net Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll, and Foliar Iron in Apple Trees After Injection with Ferrous Sulfate”
t1“Net Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll, and Foliar Iron in Apple Trees After Injection with Ferrous Sulfate”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll closely tracked net photosynthesis in the first growing season, with weaker correlation later.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll (Chl) concentratione0
- Qualifier
- correlation was not as strong thereaftere0
- Comparator
- Pne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll (Chl) concentration closely paralleled Pn during the first growing season, but the correlation was not as strong thereafter.”
t0“Apple Trees”
t1“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis declined during the third growing season but remained above controls until September.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- injectione0
- Outcome
- Pne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- until Septembere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the 3rd growing season after injection, Pn of injected trees declined, yet still remained greater than controls until September”
t0“Apple Trees”
t1“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorosis returned in young terminal leaves near the end of the third season.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- young terminal leavese0
- Outcome
- Visual chlorosis reappearede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visual chlorosis reappeared in the young terminal leaves near the end of the 3rd growing season.”
t0“Apple Trees”
t1“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments did not affect stomatal diffusive resistance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Stomatal diffusive resistancee0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal diffusive resistance was unaffected by the treatments.”
t0“Apple Trees”
t1“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar iron concentrations increased above controls for about two months after injection.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- injectione0
- Outcome
- Foliar iron concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- about 2 monthse0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar iron concentrations in treated trees increased above the controls for about 2 months after injection.”
t0“Apple Trees”
t1“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar iron declined after two months and became similar to controls after the first season.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- foliar iron contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thereafter, foliar iron content gradually decreased until the end of the first growing season, after which concentrations were similar to controls.”
t0“Apple Trees”
t1“Apple Trees”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.