Abstract
Three Scutellaria species ( Scutellaria lateriflora , S. costaricana , and S. baicalensis ) were grown in different in vitro physical environments: agar, liquid culture, and liquid culture with fiber-supported paper (with initial media volumes of 20 mL and 30 mL). During an 8-week time course, tissue growth was assessed for each species by fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), percent DW, and multiplication ratio. Water use and hyperhydricity were also compared. Scutellaria lateriflora plantlets grown in liquid were hyperhydric despite the greatest accumulation of dry mass, but multiplication diminished with time as plants became hyperhydric. In contrast, S. costaricana and S. baicalensis plantlets had higher FW and DW on agar. With all Scutellaria species tested, plantlets grown on agar or fiber-supported paper were not hyperhydric, and fiber-supported paper with 20 mL initial volume yielded plants with the greatest percent DW. The lowered hyperhydricity was related to reduced water uptake. The flavonoids baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin were quantified in plants grown on fiber-supported paper culture. The baicalin concentrations in in vitro cultured S. lateriflora shoots was comparable to those of field-grown plants. The in vitro method presented a unique opportunity to enhance baicalein content and produce wogonin-rich roots. S. costaricana plantlets in vitro showed high levels of the three flavonoids compared with S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora . Growing non-hyperhydric tissues on fiber-supported paper, in vitro, allowed the clonal propagation of Scutellaria species with increased flavonoid content to proceed in a simple, controlled environment.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid-cultured S. lateriflora plantlets were hyperhydric.
- Taxon
- Scutellaria lateriflora
Scutellaria lateriflorae0 - Treatment
- liquide0
- Outcome
- hyperhydrice0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scutellaria lateriflora plantlets grown in liquid were hyperhydric despite the greatest accumulation of dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid-cultured S. lateriflora accumulated the greatest dry mass.
- Taxon
- Scutellaria laterifloraScutellaria lateriflorae0
- Treatment
- liquide0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scutellaria lateriflora plantlets grown in liquid were hyperhydric despite the greatest accumulation of dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
S. lateriflora multiplication diminished as hyperhydricity developed.
- Taxon
- Scutellaria
Scutellariat0 - Organ / stage
- plantse0
- Outcome
- multiplicatione0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- as plants became hyperhydrice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Scutellaria Species”
e0“multiplication diminished with time as plants became hyperhydric”
Claim · model-written summary
S. costaricana plantlets had higher fresh and dry weight on agar.
- Taxon
- S. costaricana
Scutellaria costaricanae0 - Treatment
- agare0
- Outcome
- FW and DWe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. costaricana and S. baicalensis plantlets had higher FW and DW on agar.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. baicalensis plantlets had higher fresh and dry weight on agar.
- Taxon
- S. baicalensis
Scutellaria baicalensise0 - Treatment
- agare0
- Outcome
- FW and DWe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. costaricana and S. baicalensis plantlets had higher FW and DW on agar.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantlets of all tested Scutellaria species grown on agar or fiber-supported paper were not hyperhydric.
- Taxon
- Scutellaria speciesScutellariae0
- Treatment
- agar or fiber-supported papere0
- Outcome
- not hyperhydrice0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With all Scutellaria species tested, plantlets grown on agar or fiber-supported paper were not hyperhydric”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber-supported paper with 20 mL initial volume gave Scutellaria plants the greatest percent dry weight.
- Taxon
- ScutellariaScutellariae1
- Treatment
- fiber-supported paper with 20 mL initial volumee0
- Outcome
- percent DWe0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fiber-supported paper with 20 mL initial volume yielded plants with the greatest percent DW”
e1“Scutellaria lateriflora plantlets grown in liquid were hyperhydric despite the greatest accumulation of dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower hyperhydricity was associated with reduced water uptake.
- Taxon
- ScutellariaScutellariat0
- Outcome
- hyperhydricitye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Scutellaria Species”
e0“The lowered hyperhydricity was related to reduced water uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
Baicalin concentrations in cultured S. lateriflora shoots were comparable to field-grown plants.
- Taxon
- S. laterifloraScutellaria lateriflorae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- baicalin concentrationse0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- field-grown plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The baicalin concentrations in in vitro cultured S. lateriflora shoots was comparable to those of field-grown plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The in vitro method could enhance baicalein content.
- Taxon
- ScutellariaScutellariat0
- Outcome
- baicalein contente0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Scutellaria Species”
e0“The in vitro method presented a unique opportunity to enhance baicalein content and produce wogonin-rich roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The in vitro method could produce wogonin-rich roots.
- Taxon
- ScutellariaScutellariat0
- Outcome
- wogonin-rich rootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Scutellaria Species”
e0“The in vitro method presented a unique opportunity to enhance baicalein content and produce wogonin-rich roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. costaricana plantlets had high levels of three flavonoids relative to the other two species.
- Taxon
- S. costaricanaScutellaria costaricanae0
- Outcome
- the three flavonoidse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- S. baicalensis and S. lateriflorae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. costaricana plantlets in vitro showed high levels of the three flavonoids compared with S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber-supported paper allowed clonal propagation with increased flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- Scutellaria speciesScutellariae0
- Treatment
- fiber-supported papere0
- Outcome
- clonal propagatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing non-hyperhydric tissues on fiber-supported paper, in vitro, allowed the clonal propagation of Scutellaria species with increased flavonoid content to proceed in a simple, controlled environment.”