Abstract
Improving plant resistance to unfavorable environmental factors is one of the important tasks of modern agricultural production. The cultivated tomato is highly sensitive to salinity. Understanding the physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic adaptive mechanisms of tomato resistance to salinity as a complex trait is an essential part of most fundamental studies, the results of which are increasingly finding practical application during the last decade. However, the data on the effect of sodium chloride on cell organization of different tomato tissues and organs are scarce. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate cell organization of the epidermis and parenchyma cortical tissues of tomato hypocotyl (Solanum lycopersicum L. line YaLF and cultivar Rekordsmen) under chloride salinity in vitro. Fragments of 10-12-day-old aseptically germinated tomato seedlings, whose roots have been removed, were transferred on root induction medium ( 1 /2 S, 2 % sucrose, 0.2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid) supplemented with 0-250 m NaCl. After 8 days in culture, middle part of hypocotyls were excised from rooted seedlings and prepared for light microscopy. Histological examination revealed significant differences between genotypes in shape and average cross-sectional areas of the epidermal and cortical parenchyma cells of hypocotyl. The addition of Na+ and Cl ions to culture medium significantly affected the size of the intercellular spaces in the cortical parenchyma as well as the average cross-sectional areas and shape epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of both tomato genotypes. The average cross-sectional areas of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato line YaLF under 50 mM NaCl were significantly less (1.2 and 1.6 times, respectively) compared with control conditions (medium without NaCl). Epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato cultivar Rekordsmen decreased in size at higher concentrations of NaCl in the culture medium (100 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively). Dramatic increase in the cells areas of both tissue types of tomato line YaLF were observed under 250 mM NaCl salinity. In addition, under high salinity treatments there was a considerable change in the shape of epidermal (cells obtained angular contours) and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells (cell flattening) of line YaLF. Unlike line YaLF, the cross-sectional areas of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato cultivar Rekordsmen was no significant differences between 0 and 250 mM NaCl treatment. The dramatic difference between the two tomato genotypes was observed by a change in the cross-sectional areas of intercellular spaces in cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells under salt treatments. Epidermal and cortical parenchyma cells of tomato hypocotyls cultivar Rekordsmen were less sensitive to the presence of NaCl in the culture medium, compared with the line YaLF. The revealed changes in shape and size of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells can be used as cytological markers for comparative evaluation of tomato genotypes in sensitivity and/or resistance to salinity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato genotypes differed significantly in hypocotyl epidermal and cortical parenchyma cell shape and cross-sectional area.
- Taxon
- TOMATO
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Outcome
- shape and average cross-sectional areas of the epidermal and cortical parenchyma cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Histological examination revealed significant differences between genotypes in shape and average cross-sectional areas of the epidermal and cortical parenchyma cells of hypocotyl.”
t0“TOMATO GENOTYPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and chloride significantly affected tomato cortical intercellular space size.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- Na+ and Cl ionse0
- Outcome
- size of the intercellular spaces in the cortical parenchymae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Na+ and Cl ions to culture medium significantly affected the size of the intercellular spaces in the cortical parenchyma as well as the average cross-sectional areas and shape epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of both tomato genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and chloride significantly affected cross-sectional area and shape of epidermal and cortical cells in both tomato genotypes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- Na+ and Cl ionse0
- Outcome
- average cross-sectional areas and shape epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cellse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Na+ and Cl ions to culture medium significantly affected the size of the intercellular spaces in the cortical parenchyma as well as the average cross-sectional areas and shape epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of both tomato genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 mM NaCl, YaLF tomato epidermal cell cross-sectional area was 1.2 times less than control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- line YaLFe0
- Organ / stage
- epidermale0
- Treatment
- 50 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- average cross-sectional arease0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 1.2e0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average cross-sectional areas of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato line YaLF under 50 mM NaCl were significantly less (1.2 and 1.6 times, respectively) compared with control conditions (medium without NaCl).”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 mM NaCl, YaLF tomato cortical cell cross-sectional area was 1.6 times less than control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- line YaLFe0
- Organ / stage
- cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cellse0
- Treatment
- 50 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- average cross-sectional arease0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 1.6 timese0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average cross-sectional areas of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato line YaLF under 50 mM NaCl were significantly less (1.2 and 1.6 times, respectively) compared with control conditions (medium without NaCl).”
Claim · model-written summary
Rekordsmen tomato epidermal cells decreased in size at 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- cultivar Rekordsmene0
- Organ / stage
- Epidermale0
- Treatment
- 100e0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato cultivar Rekordsmen decreased in size at higher concentrations of NaCl in the culture medium (100 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Rekordsmen tomato cortical parenchyma cells decreased in size at 150 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- cultivar Rekordsmene0
- Organ / stage
- cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cellse0
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato cultivar Rekordsmen decreased in size at higher concentrations of NaCl in the culture medium (100 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 mM NaCl, YaLF epidermal and cortical cell areas increased dramatically.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- line YaLFe0
- Treatment
- 250 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- cells areas of both tissue typese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dramatic increase in the cells areas of both tissue types of tomato line YaLF were observed under 250 mM NaCl salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high salinity, YaLF epidermal cells developed angular contours.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- line YaLFe0
- Organ / stage
- epidermale0
- Treatment
- high salinity treatmentse0
- Outcome
- cells obtained angular contourse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, under high salinity treatments there was a considerable change in the shape of epidermal (cells obtained angular contours) and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells (cell flattening) of line YaLF.”
t0“TOMATO GENOTYPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high salinity, YaLF cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells flattened.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- line YaLFe0
- Organ / stage
- cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cellse0
- Treatment
- high salinity treatmentse0
- Outcome
- cell flatteninge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, under high salinity treatments there was a considerable change in the shape of epidermal (cells obtained angular contours) and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells (cell flattening) of line YaLF.”
t0“TOMATO GENOTYPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rekordsmen cell cross-sectional areas did not differ significantly between 0 and 250 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- cultivar Rekordsmene0
- Treatment
- 250 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- cross-sectional areas of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cellse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike line YaLF, the cross-sectional areas of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells of tomato cultivar Rekordsmen was no significant differences between 0 and 250 mM NaCl treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatments caused a dramatic difference between tomato genotypes in cortical intercellular space area change.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salt treatmentse0
- Outcome
- cross-sectional areas of intercellular spaces in cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cellse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dramatic difference between the two tomato genotypes was observed by a change in the cross-sectional areas of intercellular spaces in cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells under salt treatments.”
t0“TOMATO GENOTYPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rekordsmen hypocotyl epidermal and cortical cells were less sensitive to NaCl than YaLF cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- cultivar Rekordsmene0
- Outcome
- sensitive to the presence of NaCle0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- line YaLFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Epidermal and cortical parenchyma cells of tomato hypocotyls cultivar Rekordsmen were less sensitive to the presence of NaCl in the culture medium, compared with the line YaLF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The observed cell shape and size changes can serve as cytological markers for tomato genotype salinity sensitivity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- cytological markers for comparative evaluation of tomato genotypes in sensitivity and/or resistance to salinitye0
- Comparator
- tomato genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The revealed changes in shape and size of epidermal and cortical parenchyma hypocotyl cells can be used as cytological markers for comparative evaluation of tomato genotypes in sensitivity and/or resistance to salinity.”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
95 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
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