Abstract
‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘York Imperial’ are apple cultivars that are prone to develop a biennial bearing habit. A successful chemical thinning program with carbaryl plus 6-benzyladenine applied at the 10-mm fruit diameter stage reduced cropload and increased return bloom of ‘York Imperial’, although the improvement in return bloom resulting from chemical thinning was insufficient to ensure a commercial cropload in the year after treatment (fewer than 10% of spurs developing flowers). A chemical thinning program with multiple applications of a naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and ethephon mixture during the period from 36 to 73 days after bloom increased return bloom of ‘York Imperial’ trees to commercially acceptable levels (25% or greater of spurs flowering). NAA applied during the period from 50 to 100 days after bloom (summer NAA program) or from 110 to 140 days after bloom (preharvest NAA program) increased return bloom of ‘Golden Delicious’. When aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) was included with the first NAA spray in a summer program, the efficacy was reduced, indicating that ethylene may be partly involved in the florigenic activity of NAA. Dissection of ‘Golden Delicious’ buds sampled from three locations (Asheville, NC; Amherst, MA; Wenatchee, WA) at ≈14-day intervals beginning 50 days after bloom indicated that the time of floral transition (doming of the meristem apex) occurred during the period from 65 to 105 days after bloom at each location. Thus, NAA applications in a summer program for return bloom coincided with the period when floral determination normally occurred. Preharvest NAA programs effectively promoted return bloom in the experiments where a summer NAA program was also effective. These responses indicate that NAA can trigger floral development within vegetative buds relatively late in the summer and outside of the time period when it is generally believed possible to influence flower bud formation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl plus 6-benzyladenine reduced York Imperial cropload.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- York Imperialt0
- Treatment
- carbaryl plus 6-benzyladeninee0
- Outcome
- croploade0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbaryl plus 6-benzyladenine applied at the 10-mm fruit diameter stage reduced cropload”
t0“apple cultivars Golden Delicious and York Imperial”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl plus 6-benzyladenine increased York Imperial return bloom but left fewer than 10% of spurs flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- York Imperiale0
- Treatment
- chemical thinninge0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- fewer than 10% of spurs developing flowerse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased return bloom of ‘York Imperial’, although the improvement in return bloom resulting from chemical thinning was insufficient to ensure a commercial cropload in the year after treatment (fewer than 10% of spurs developing flowers)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA and ethephon increased York Imperial return bloom to at least 25% flowering spurs.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- York Imperiale0
- Treatment
- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and ethephon mixturee0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25% or greater of spurs floweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple applications of a naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and ethephon mixture during the period from 36 to 73 days after bloom increased return bloom of ‘York Imperial’ trees to commercially acceptable levels (25% or greater of spurs flowering)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer NAA increased Golden Delicious return bloom.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- summer NAA programe0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA applied during the period from 50 to 100 days after bloom (summer NAA program) or from 110 to 140 days after bloom (preharvest NAA program) increased return bloom of ‘Golden Delicious’”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest NAA increased Golden Delicious return bloom.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- preharvest NAA programe0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA applied during the period from 50 to 100 days after bloom (summer NAA program) or from 110 to 140 days after bloom (preharvest NAA program) increased return bloom of ‘Golden Delicious’”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG reduced efficacy of the summer NAA program.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- NAA spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) was included with the first NAA spray in a summer program, the efficacy was reduced”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Golden Delicious floral transition occurred 65 to 105 days after bloom at all three locations.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Delicioust0
- Outcome
- time of floral transitione0
- Value
- 65 to 105 days after bloome0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time of floral transition (doming of the meristem apex) occurred during the period from 65 to 105 days after bloom at each location”
t0“apple cultivars Golden Delicious and York Imperial”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA can trigger floral development in vegetative buds late in summer.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- floral development within vegetative budse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA can trigger floral development within vegetative buds relatively late in the summer”
t0“apple”
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