Abstract
It has been hypothesized that plant polyphenol plus lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses can immobilize/remineralize inorganic fertilizers, such as urea, better than polyphenol alone. To test this hypothesis, urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powder (containing polyphenol+lignin+cellulose) at rates of 0%, 30%, 70%, and 100% (w/w) of fertilizer urea. Fertilizer nitrogen was applied at 100 and 200 mg kg−1 soil in a clay loam soil. This natural coating material, particularly at the rate of 100% (w/w), improved the distribution of mineral nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) in soil during both early and advanced growth stages of maize and significantly increased total crop N and P uptake at both rates of fertilizer nitrogen compared to urea alone. The results suggest that urea coated with the powder of pomegranate fruit could potentially be an N slow-release fertilizer for use in better synchronizing crop N demand with soil N supply.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate fruit powder coating, especially at 100% (w/w), improved soil mineral nitrogen distribution during maize growth.
- Organ / stage
- early and advanced growth stagese0
- Treatment
- urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powdere1
- Outcome
- distribution of mineral nitrogen (N)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- particularly at the rate of 100% (w/w)e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This natural coating material, particularly at the rate of 100% (w/w), improved the distribution of mineral nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) in soil during both early and advanced growth stages of maize”
e1“urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powder”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate fruit powder coating, especially at 100% (w/w), improved soil available phosphorus distribution during maize growth.
- Treatment
- urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powdere1
- Outcome
- available phosphorus (P) in soile0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- particularly at the rate of 100% (w/w)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This natural coating material, particularly at the rate of 100% (w/w), improved the distribution of mineral nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) in soil during both early and advanced growth stages of maize”
e1“urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powder”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate-coated urea significantly increased total maize nitrogen uptake at both fertilizer nitrogen rates versus urea alone.
- Treatment
- urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powdere2
- Outcome
- total crop Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at both rates of fertilizer nitrogene0
- Comparator
- urea alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased total crop N and P uptake at both rates of fertilizer nitrogen compared to urea alone”
e1“growth stages of maize”
e2“urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powder”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate-coated urea significantly increased total maize phosphorus uptake at both fertilizer nitrogen rates versus urea alone.
- Treatment
- urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powdere2
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at both rates of fertilizer nitrogene0
- Comparator
- urea alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased total crop N and P uptake at both rates of fertilizer nitrogen compared to urea alone”
e1“growth stages of maize”
e2“urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powder”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest pomegranate fruit powder-coated urea as a potential slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea coated with the powder of pomegranate fruit could potentially be an N slow-release fertilizer for use in better synchronizing crop N demand with soil N supply”
e1“growth stages of maize”
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