Abstract
Steinernema glaseri and Heterorhabditis indica applied at different inoculum levels before and simultaneously with root knot nematodes were investigated for invasion of Meloidogyne spp. in tomato. Suppression of M. incognita varied with application rate of S. glaseri, and H. indica The high application rates of, S. glaseri and H. indica applied both same and before reduced invasion of M. incognita. The low rate of S. glaseri and H. indica were not as effective as high rates. Both entomopathogenic nematodes when applied at 1250 and 2500/pot 24 h before or at the same time reduced the invasion of root knot nematodes in tomato root. Whereas S. glaseri applied at 500 /pot at the same time with the root-knot nematodes reduced the invasion. Both the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) applied 24 h before or at the same time with root knot nematodes at 2500/pot reduced the invasion as compared with 500/pot. Only H. indica significantly reduced invasion when it was applied at 1250/pot 24 h before the root knot nematodes. Whereas S. glaseri applied at the same time and H. indica 24 h before at 2500/pot significantly reduced the invasion as compared with 1250/pot. S. glaseri was more effective in reducing the invasion as compared to H. indica. Recovery of both the entomopathogenic nematodes when they were applied alone was comparatively more than when applied with the root knot nematodes. But in case of H. indica its recovery was more when it was applied at the same time with the M. javanica.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Higher S. glaseri application rates suppressed M. incognita invasion.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- application rate of S. glaserie0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Second interactor
- S. glaseriSteinernema glaserie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Suppression of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- variede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Suppression of M. incognita varied with application rate of S. glaseri”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
High S. glaseri rates applied before or simultaneously reduced M. incognita invasion.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high application rates of, S. glaserie0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. glaseriSteinernema glaserie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasion of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high application rates of, S. glaseri and H. indica applied both same and before reduced invasion of M. incognita”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
High H. indica rates applied before or simultaneously reduced M. incognita invasion.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- H. indica applied both same and beforee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- H. indicaHeterorhabditis indicae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasion of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high application rates of, S. glaseri and H. indica applied both same and before reduced invasion of M. incognita”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low rates of S. glaseri were less effective than high rates.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- low rate of S. glaserie0
- Interactor
- S. glaseriSteinernema glaserie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- not as effectivee0
- Direction
- not as effectivee0
- Comparator
- high ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low rate of S. glaseri and H. indica were not as effective as high rates”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low rates of H. indica were less effective than high rates.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- H. indicae0
- Interactor
- H. indicaHeterorhabditis indicae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- not as effectivee0
- Direction
- not as effectivee0
- Comparator
- high ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low rate of S. glaseri and H. indica were not as effective as high rates”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
S. glaseri at 1250 and 2500/pot, applied 24 h before or concurrently, reduced root-knot nematode invasion of tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 1250 and 2500/pot 24 h before or at the same timee0
- Interactor
- root knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Steinernema glaseriSteinernema glaserit0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasion of root knot nematodes in tomato roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both entomopathogenic nematodes when applied at 1250 and 2500/pot 24 h before or at the same time reduced the invasion of root knot nematodes in tomato root”
t0“Steinernema glaseri”
Claim · model-written summary
H. indica at 1250 and 2500/pot, applied 24 h before or concurrently, reduced root-knot nematode invasion of tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 1250 and 2500/pot 24 h before or at the same timee0
- Interactor
- root knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Heterorhabditis indicaHeterorhabditis indicat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasion of root knot nematodes in tomato roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both entomopathogenic nematodes when applied at 1250 and 2500/pot 24 h before or at the same time reduced the invasion of root knot nematodes in tomato root”
t0“Heterorhabditis indica”
Claim · model-written summary
S. glaseri at 500 /pot applied concurrently reduced root-knot nematode invasion.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. glaseri applied at 500 /pot at the same timee0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. glaseriSteinernema glaserie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root-knot nematodes reduced the invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. glaseri applied at 500 /pot at the same time with the root-knot nematodes reduced the invasion”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
S. glaseri at 2500/pot reduced invasion more than 500/pot.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 2500/pote0
- Interactor
- root knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Steinernema glaseriSteinernema glaserit0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- 500/pote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) applied 24 h before or at the same time with root knot nematodes at 2500/pot reduced the invasion as compared with 500/pot”
t0“Effect of Steinernema glaseri and Heterorhabditis indica on the Plant Vigour and Root Knot Nematodes in Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
H. indica at 2500/pot reduced invasion more than 500/pot.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 2500/pote0
- Interactor
- root knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Heterorhabditis indicaHeterorhabditis indicat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- 500/pote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) applied 24 h before or at the same time with root knot nematodes at 2500/pot reduced the invasion as compared with 500/pot”
t0“Effect of Steinernema glaseri and Heterorhabditis indica on the Plant Vigour and Root Knot Nematodes in Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
H. indica at 1250/pot 24 h before significantly reduced invasion.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- H. indica significantly reduced invasion when it was applied at 1250/pot 24 h beforee0
- Interactor
- root knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- H. indicaHeterorhabditis indicae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only H. indica significantly reduced invasion when it was applied at 1250/pot 24 h before the root knot nematodes”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent S. glaseri at 2500/pot reduced invasion more than 1250/pot.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. glaseri applied at the same timee0
- Interactor
- S. glaseriSteinernema glaserie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2500/pote0
- Comparator
- 1250/pote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. glaseri applied at the same time and H. indica 24 h before at 2500/pot significantly reduced the invasion as compared with 1250/pot”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
H. indica at 2500/pot 24 h before reduced invasion more than 1250/pot.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- H. indica 24 h before at 2500/pote0
- Interactor
- H. indicaHeterorhabditis indicae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- 1250/pote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. glaseri applied at the same time and H. indica 24 h before at 2500/pot significantly reduced the invasion as compared with 1250/pot”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
S. glaseri reduced invasion more effectively than H. indica.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. glaserie0
- Interactor
- S. glaseriSteinernema glaserie0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- H. indicaHeterorhabditis indicae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- invasione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- H. indicae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. glaseri was more effective in reducing the invasion as compared to H. indica”
t0“Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of S. glaseri was greater alone than with root-knot nematodes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- applied alonee0
- Interactor
- root knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Steinernema glaseriSteinernema glaserit0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Recovery of both the entomopathogenic nematodese0
- Direction
- comparatively moree0
- Comparator
- applied with the root knot nematodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of both the entomopathogenic nematodes when they were applied alone was comparatively more than when applied with the root knot nematodes”
t0“Effect of Steinernema glaseri and Heterorhabditis indica on the Plant Vigour and Root Knot Nematodes in Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of H. indica was greater alone than with root-knot nematodes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- applied alonee0
- Interactor
- root knot nematodesMeloidogynee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Heterorhabditis indicaHeterorhabditis indicat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Recovery of both the entomopathogenic nematodese0
- Direction
- comparatively moree0
- Comparator
- applied with the root knot nematodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of both the entomopathogenic nematodes when they were applied alone was comparatively more than when applied with the root knot nematodes”
t0“Effect of Steinernema glaseri and Heterorhabditis indica on the Plant Vigour and Root Knot Nematodes in Tomato Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
H. indica recovery was greater when applied concurrently with M. javanica.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- applied at the same time with the M. javanicae0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- H. indicaHeterorhabditis indicae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- H. indica its recoverye0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. indica its recovery was more when it was applied at the same time with the M. javanica”
t0“Tomato Roots”
The same questions in other papers
Heterorhabditis indica · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.