Abstract
The lignite biodegradation procedure to produce water-soluble humic materials (WSHM) with a Penicillium stain was established by previous studies in our laboratory. This study researched the effects of WSHM on the growth of Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCBAU05525 and its nodulation on soybean. Results showed that WSHM enhanced the cell density of CCBAU05525 in culture, and increased the nodule number, nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity of the inoculated soybean plants. Then the chemical compounds of WSHM were analyzed and flavonoid analogues were identified in WSHM through tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH)-py-GC/MS analysis. Protein expression profiles and nod gene expression of CCBAU05525 in response to WSHM or genistein were compared to illustrate the working mechanism of WSHM. The differently expressed proteins in response to WSHM were involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, signaling, energy production and some transmembrane transports. WSHM was found more effective than genistein in inducing the nod gene expression. These results demonstrated that WSHM stimulated cell metabolism and nutrient transport, which resulted in increased cell density of CCBAU05525 and prepared the bacteria for better bacteroid development. Furthermore, WSHM had similar but superior functions to flavone in inducing nod gene and nitrogen fixation related proteins expression in CCBAU05525.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
WSHM enhanced Bradyrhizobium cell density in culture.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- WSHMe0
- Interactor
- CCBAU05525e0symbiont
- Outcome
- cell density of CCBAU05525e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WSHM enhanced the cell density of CCBAU05525 in culture”
t0“its nodulation on soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
WSHM increased nodule number and fresh weight in inoculated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- WSHMt0
- Interactor
- CCBAU05525t1symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule number, nodule fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the nodule number, nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity of the inoculated soybean plants”
t0“Results showed that WSHM”
t1“Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCBAU05525”
Claim · model-written summary
WSHM increased nitrogenase activity in inoculated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- WSHMt0
- Interactor
- CCBAU05525t1symbiont
- Gene
- nitrogenasee0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the nodule number, nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity of the inoculated soybean plants”
t0“Results showed that WSHM”
t1“Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCBAU05525”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid analogues were identified in WSHM.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- WSHMe0
- Outcome
- flavonoid analoguese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid analogues were identified in WSHM”
t0“its nodulation on soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
WSHM changed rhizobial proteins involved in metabolism, signaling, energy production and transport.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- WSHMe0
- Interactor
- CCBAU05525t1symbiont
- Outcome
- differently expressed proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differently expressed proteins in response to WSHM were involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, signaling, energy production and some transmembrane transports”
t0“its nodulation on soybean.”
t1“Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCBAU05525”
Claim · model-written summary
WSHM induced nod gene expression more effectively than genistein.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- WSHMe0
- Interactor
- CCBAU05525t1symbiont
- Gene
- nod genee0
- Outcome
- nod gene expressione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- genisteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WSHM was found more effective than genistein in inducing the nod gene expression”
t0“its nodulation on soybean.”
t1“Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCBAU05525”
Claim · model-written summary
WSHM stimulated rhizobial metabolism and nutrient transport, increasing cell density and preparing bacteroid development.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- WSHMe0
- Interactor
- CCBAU05525e0symbiont
- Outcome
- increased cell density of CCBAU05525e0
- Qualifier
- stimulated cell metabolism and nutrient transporte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WSHM stimulated cell metabolism and nutrient transport, which resulted in increased cell density of CCBAU05525 and prepared the bacteria for better bacteroid development”
t0“its nodulation on soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
WSHM was superior to flavone for inducing nod gene and nitrogen fixation protein expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- WSHMe0
- Interactor
- CCBAU05525e0symbiont
- Outcome
- nod gene and nitrogen fixation related proteins expression in CCBAU05525e0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- flavonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WSHM had similar but superior functions to flavone in inducing nod gene and nitrogen fixation related proteins expression in CCBAU05525”
t0“its nodulation on soybean.”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.