Abstract
Chemical fruit thinners were applied to limbs or whole trees of spur `Delicious' at various stages of fruit development as indicated by fruit diameter. Carbaryl, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and ethephon all reduced fruit set when applied at a fruit diameter of ≈4 to 15 mm. Fruit thinning for NAA and carbaryl, alone or combined, generally was greater when applied at an average fruit diameter of 8 mm, rather than at 4 mm. Repeated applications of NAA or carbaryl were no more effective than single applications. NAA + carbaryl applied at 9 mm was more effective than NAA applied at 4 mm followed by carbaryl at 8 mm. Applied when fruit diameter averaged 17 to 22 mm, ethephon and ethephon + carbaryl were effective fruit thinners. When applied at full bloom to ≈10 and 20 mm, the insecticides ethion and oxamyl, respectively, were effective fruit thinners.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl reduced fruit set at 4 to 15 mm.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- fruit diameter of ≈4 to 15 mme0
- Treatment
- Carbaryle0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Carbaryl, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and ethephon all reduced fruit set when applied at a fruit diameter of ≈4 to 15 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA reduced fruit set at 4 to 15 mm.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Carbaryl, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and ethephon all reduced fruit set when applied at a fruit diameter of ≈4 to 15 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced fruit set at 4 to 15 mm.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Carbaryl, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and ethephon all reduced fruit set when applied at a fruit diameter of ≈4 to 15 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA thinning was greater at 8 than 4 mm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Fruit thinning for NAA and carbaryl, alone or combined, generally was greater when applied at an average fruit diameter of 8 mm, rather than at 4 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl thinning was greater at 8 than 4 mm.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- carbaryle0
- Outcome
- Fruit thinninge0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 4 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Fruit thinning for NAA and carbaryl, alone or combined, generally was greater when applied at an average fruit diameter of 8 mm, rather than at 4 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated applications of NAA were no more effective than single applications.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Repeated applications of NAAe0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- no more effectivee0
- Comparator
- single applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Repeated applications of NAA or carbaryl were no more effective than single applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated applications of carbaryl were no more effective than single applications.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- carbaryle0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- no more effectivee0
- Comparator
- single applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Repeated applications of NAA or carbaryl were no more effective than single applications”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus carbaryl at 9 mm was more effective than sequential NAA and carbaryl.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAA + carbaryl applied at 9 mme0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- NAA applied at 4 mm followed by carbaryl at 8 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“NAA + carbaryl applied at 9 mm was more effective than NAA applied at 4 mm followed by carbaryl at 8 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon was an effective thinner at 17 to 22 mm.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- effective fruit thinnerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Applied when fruit diameter averaged 17 to 22 mm, ethephon and ethephon + carbaryl were effective fruit thinners”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon plus carbaryl was an effective thinner at 17 to 22 mm.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon + carbaryle0
- Outcome
- effective fruit thinnerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“Applied when fruit diameter averaged 17 to 22 mm, ethephon and ethephon + carbaryl were effective fruit thinners”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethion was an effective thinner from full bloom to about 10 mm.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethione0
- Outcome
- effective fruit thinnerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“When applied at full bloom to ≈10 and 20 mm, the insecticides ethion and oxamyl, respectively, were effective fruit thinners”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl was an effective thinner through about 20 mm.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- oxamyle0
- Outcome
- effective fruit thinnerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“`Delicious' Apples”
e0“When applied at full bloom to ≈10 and 20 mm, the insecticides ethion and oxamyl, respectively, were effective fruit thinners”
The same questions in other papers
carbaryl · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →1-naphthaleneacetic acid · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
61 papers more in this group
See all 65 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
69 papers more in this group
See all 73 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.