Abstract
Several methods were used to overcome herbicide phytotoxicity to upland rice ( Oryza sativa L., ‘IR8′). Seed pelleting with activated carbon and band application of activated carbon slurry over the rice seed were ineffective in reducing the toxicity of chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine] to upland rice. In contrast, a 2.5-cm layer of activated carbon and vermiculite mixture (1:1) placed over the rice seed was effective in overcoming the toxicity of these herbicides. Deep sowing (3.0 to 4.5 cm) of rice seed was adequate in protecting upland rice from herbicides which are toxic to direct seeded, flooded rice but are not toxic to transplanted rice. The degree of protection from deep sowing, however, was determined by site of uptake, herbicide adsorption by soil, leaching, and inherent toxicity of the herbicides to rice seedlings.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Activated-carbon seed pelleting did not reduce chloramben toxicity to upland rice.
- Taxon
- upland rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Seed pelleting with activated carbone0
- Outcome
- toxicity of chlorambene0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed pelleting with activated carbon and band application of activated carbon slurry over the rice seed were ineffective in reducing the toxicity of chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine] to upland rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Band application of activated-carbon slurry did not reduce atrazine toxicity to upland rice.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- band application of activated carbon slurry over the rice seede0
- Outcome
- atrazinee0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed pelleting with activated carbon and band application of activated carbon slurry over the rice seed were ineffective in reducing the toxicity of chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine] to upland rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2.5-cm activated carbon and vermiculite layer overcame herbicide toxicity to rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- a 2.5-cm layer of activated carbon and vermiculite mixture (1:1)e0
- Outcome
- toxicity of these herbicidese0
- Direction
- overcominge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 2.5-cm layer of activated carbon and vermiculite mixture (1:1) placed over the rice seed was effective in overcoming the toxicity of these herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep sowing protected upland rice from the specified herbicides.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Deep sowing (3.0 to 4.5 cm)e0
- Outcome
- protecting upland rice from herbicidese0
- Direction
- protectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep sowing (3.0 to 4.5 cm) of rice seed was adequate in protecting upland rice from herbicides which are toxic to direct seeded, flooded rice but are not toxic to transplanted rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protection from deep sowing depended on herbicide uptake site, soil adsorption, leaching and inherent seedling toxicity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- deep sowinge0
- Outcome
- degree of protection from deep sowinge0
- Qualifier
- site of uptake, herbicide adsorption by soil, leaching, and inherent toxicity of the herbicides to rice seedlingse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of protection from deep sowing, however, was determined by site of uptake, herbicide adsorption by soil, leaching, and inherent toxicity of the herbicides to rice seedlings.”
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See all 219 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.