Abstract
In this study, the character of root organic acid secretion in the 14.3 μmol/L Al 3+(in 227.5 μmol/L CaCl 2 solution) and in the 0.1 mmol/L Al 3+ (in nutrient solution) in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes , inbred line Z1 (Al-tolerant) and Z2 (Al-sensitive) was examined. The effects of 0.1 mmol/L Al 3+ stress on the root organic acid secretion and content in different period (after 1, 3, 7, 15, 20 days treatment) in Z1 and Z2 were comparatively studied, and relationships between malate dehydrogenase activity and root organic acid content or secretion were also examined. The results showed that the sensitivity of two inbred lines to Al was different. Z1 was found to be more tolerant to Al than that of Z2. After 3 days treatment, Z1 significantly exceeded Z2 in the relative biomass of roots and plant (Fig.1). Organic acid content and secretion from the entire root system were investigated via HPLC. The analysis showed that kinds of secreted organic acids, such as oxalic,malic,acetic,maleic,citric, succinic ect, were various in different periods, in which malic acid always remained(Table 1). The secreted malic acid of Z1 could be increased remarkably by Al stress, however Z2 kept low in different period in CaCl 2 solution (Fig.2A) and in nutrient solution (Fig.3). The root organic acids included malic,succinic,acetic, maleic ect, in which succinic acid was the highest in content. Aluminum stress increased root malic acid concentrations in Z1 and total root organic acid concentrations in both inbred lines (Fig.4). In the roots, NADP-malate dehydrogenases activity was increased significantly by Al stress in Z1, but decreased in Z2. NAD-malate dehydrogenase activity had a tendency of reducing in the both inbred lines. In the leaves, both enzyme activities were reduced by Al stress (Fig.5). The results suggested that the secreted malic acid was probably synthesized by the second way (PEP→OAA→Malate) in the roots.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Z1 was more tolerant to aluminum than Z2.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z1 was found to be more tolerant to Al than that of Z2.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
After three days, Z1 exceeded Z2 in relative root and whole plant biomass.
- Material
- Z1e0
- Outcome
- relative biomass of roots and plante0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Qualifier
- After 3 days treatmente0
- Comparator
- Z2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days treatment, Z1 significantly exceeded Z2 in the relative biomass of roots and plant (Fig.1).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The secreted organic acid types varied by period, with malic acid always present.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kinds of secreted organic acids, such as oxalic,malic,acetic,maleic,citric, succinic ect, were various in different periods, in which malic acid always remained”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress markedly increased secreted malic acid in Z1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The secreted malic acid of Z1 could be increased remarkably by Al stress, however Z2 kept low in different period in CaCl 2 solution (Fig.2A) and in nutrient solution (Fig.3).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Secreted malic acid in Z2 remained low across periods and solutions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“however Z2 kept low in different period in CaCl 2 solution (Fig.2A) and in nutrient solution (Fig.3).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic acid was the most abundant root organic acid.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root organic acids included malic,succinic,acetic, maleic ect, in which succinic acid was the highest in content.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum increased root malic acid concentration in Z1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum stress increased root malic acid concentrations in Z1 and total root organic acid concentrations in both inbred lines”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum increased total root organic acid concentration in both lines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum stress increased root malic acid concentrations in Z1 and total root organic acid concentrations in both inbred lines”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress increased root NADP-malate dehydrogenase activity in Z1.
- Material
- Z1e0
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Gene
- NADP-malate dehydrogenasese0
- Outcome
- NADP-malate dehydrogenases activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the roots, NADP-malate dehydrogenases activity was increased significantly by Al stress in Z1, but decreased in Z2.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress decreased root NADP-malate dehydrogenase activity in Z2.
- Material
- Z2e0
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Gene
- NADP-malate dehydrogenasese0
- Outcome
- NADP-malate dehydrogenases activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the roots, NADP-malate dehydrogenases activity was increased significantly by Al stress in Z1, but decreased in Z2.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root NAD-malate dehydrogenase activity tended to decline in both lines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAD-malate dehydrogenase activity had a tendency of reducing in the both inbred lines.”
t0“Maize”
e1“In the roots, NADP-malate dehydrogenases activity was increased significantly by Al stress in Z1, but decreased in Z2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress reduced both measured enzyme activities in leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves, both enzyme activities were reduced by Al stress (Fig.5).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that secreted malic acid may be synthesized via PEP→OAA→Malate in roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggested that the secreted malic acid was probably synthesized by the second way (PEP→OAA→Malate) in the roots.”
t0“Maize”
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