Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition metal that is highly toxic in biological systems. Anthropogenic emissions of Cd have increased biogeochemical cycling and the amount of Cd in the biosphere. Here we studied the utility of a bacterial Cd-binding protein, CadR, for the remediation of Cd contamination. CadR was successfully targeted to chloroplasts using a constitutive Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter or a shoot-specific Chl a/b-binding protein 2 gene (CAB2) promoter and an RbcS (small subunit of the Rubisco complex) transit peptide. Under short-term (2 d) exposure to Cd, the cadR transgenic plants showed up to a 2.9-fold Cd accumulation in roots compared with untransformed plants. Under medium term (7 d) exposure to Cd, the concentrations of Cd in leaves began to increase but there were no differences between the wild type and the cadR transgenic plants. Under long-term (16 d) exposure to Cd, the cadR transgenic plants accumulated greater amounts of Cd in leaves than the untransformed plants. Total Cd accumulation (µg per plant) in shoots and roots of the plants expressing cadR were significantly higher (up to 3.5-fold in shoots and 5.2-fold in roots) than those of the untransformed plants. We also found that targeting CadR to chloroplasts facilitated chloroplastic metal homeostasis and Chl b accumulation. Our results demonstrate that manipulating chelating capacity in chloroplasts or in the cytoplasm may be effective in modifying both the accumulation of and resistance to Cd.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CadR was successfully targeted to chloroplasts using either promoter and the RbcS transit peptide.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- CadRe0
- Outcome
- successfully targeted to chloroplastse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CadR was successfully targeted to chloroplasts using a constitutive Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter or a shoot-specific Chl a/b-binding protein 2 gene (CAB2) promoter and an RbcS (small subunit of the Rubisco complex) transit peptide.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
After 2 days of Cd exposure, cadR plants accumulated up to 2.9-fold more Cd in roots than untransformed plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- cadR transgenic plantse0
- Treatment
- exposure to Cde0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in rootse0
- Direction
- up to a 2.9-folde0
- Value
- 2.9-folde0
- Qualifier
- short-term (2 d)e0
- Comparator
- untransformed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under short-term (2 d) exposure to Cd, the cadR transgenic plants showed up to a 2.9-fold Cd accumulation in roots compared with untransformed plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
After 7 days of Cd exposure, leaf Cd concentrations increased but did not differ between wild type and cadR plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- cadR transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Cd in leavese0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Qualifier
- medium term (7 d)e0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under medium term (7 d) exposure to Cd, the concentrations of Cd in leaves began to increase but there were no differences between the wild type and the cadR transgenic plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
After 16 days of Cd exposure, cadR plants accumulated more Cd in leaves than untransformed plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- cadR transgenic plantse0
- Treatment
- exposure to Cde0
- Outcome
- Cd in leavese0
- Direction
- greater amountse0
- Qualifier
- long-term (16 d)e0
- Comparator
- untransformed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under long-term (16 d) exposure to Cd, the cadR transgenic plants accumulated greater amounts of Cd in leaves than the untransformed plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Total shoot Cd accumulation was significantly higher in cadR plants, up to 3.5-fold.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- plants expressing cadRe0
- Treatment
- expressing cadRe0
- Outcome
- Total Cd accumulation (µg per plant) in shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.5-folde0
- Comparator
- untransformed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total Cd accumulation (µg per plant) in shoots and roots of the plants expressing cadR were significantly higher (up to 3.5-fold in shoots and 5.2-fold in roots) than those of the untransformed plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root Cd accumulation was significantly higher in cadR plants, up to 5.2-fold.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- plants expressing cadRe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- expressing cadRe0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation (µg per plant) in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.2-folde0
- Comparator
- untransformed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total Cd accumulation (µg per plant) in shoots and roots of the plants expressing cadR were significantly higher (up to 3.5-fold in shoots and 5.2-fold in roots) than those of the untransformed plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast targeting of CadR facilitated chloroplastic metal homeostasis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- targeting CadR to chloroplastse0
- Gene
- CadRe0
- Outcome
- chloroplastic metal homeostasise0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“targeting CadR to chloroplasts facilitated chloroplastic metal homeostasis and Chl b accumulation.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast targeting of CadR facilitated chlorophyll b accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- targeting CadR to chloroplastse0
- Gene
- CadRe0
- Outcome
- Chl b accumulatione0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“targeting CadR to chloroplasts facilitated chloroplastic metal homeostasis and Chl b accumulation.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that manipulating chloroplast or cytoplasmic chelation may modify Cd accumulation and resistance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- manipulating chelating capacity in chloroplasts or in the cytoplasme0
- Outcome
- accumulation of and resistance to Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“manipulating chelating capacity in chloroplasts or in the cytoplasm may be effective in modifying both the accumulation of and resistance to Cd.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.