Abstract
In order to clarify the effects of tillage patterns on farmland weed community structure and crop production characteristics, based on 10 years location experiment with no-tillage, subsoiling and conventional tillage in the cold and arid region of North China, and supplementary experiment of plowing after 10 years no-tillage and subsoiling, oat was planted in 2 soils under different tillage patterns, and field weed total density, dominant weed types, weed diversity index, field weed biomass and oats yield were measured. The results showed that the regional weed community was dominated by foxtail weed (Setaira viridis); the weed density under long-term no-tillage was 2.20-5.14 times of tillage at different growing stages of oat, but there were no significant differences between conditional tillage and plowing after long-term no-tillage and subsoiling. Field weed Shannon diversity indices were 0.429 and 0.531, respectively, for sandy chestnut soil and loamy meadow soil under no-tillage conditions, and field weed biomass values were 1.35 and 2.26 times of plowing treatment, while the oat biomass values were only 2807.4 kg x hm(-2) and 4053.9 kg x hm(-2), decreased by 22.3% and 46.2%, respectively. The results showed that the weed community characteristics were affected by both tillage patterns and soil types. Long-term no-tillage farmland in the cold and arid region of North China could promote the natural evolution of plant communities by keeping more perennial weeds, and the plowing pattern lowered the annual weed density, eliminated perennial weeds with shallow roots, and stimulated perennial weeds with deep roots.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Foxtail weed dominated the regional weed community.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Interactor
- Setaira viridise1weed
- Outcome
- regional weed community was dominated by foxtail weede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted in 2 soils”
e1“the regional weed community was dominated by foxtail weed (Setaira viridis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density under long-term no-tillage was 2.20-5.14 times that under tillage.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- long-term no-tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 2.20-5.14 timese1
- Comparator
- tillagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at different growing stages of oat”
e1“the weed density under long-term no-tillage was 2.20-5.14 times of tillage at different growing stages of oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density did not significantly differ between conventional tillage and plowing after long-term no-tillage or subsoiling.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- plowing after long-term no-tillage and subsoilinge1
- Outcome
- differencese1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Comparator
- conditional tillagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing stages of oat”
e1“there were no significant differences between conditional tillage and plowing after long-term no-tillage and subsoiling”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no-tillage, weed Shannon diversity index was 0.429 in sandy chestnut soil.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- no-tillage conditionse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- Field weed Shannon diversity indicese1
- Value
- 0.429e1
- Setting
- sandy chestnut soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted”
e1“Field weed Shannon diversity indices were 0.429 and 0.531, respectively, for sandy chestnut soil and loamy meadow soil under no-tillage conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no-tillage, weed Shannon diversity index was 0.531 in loamy meadow soil.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- no-tillage conditionse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- Field weed Shannon diversity indicese1
- Value
- 0.531e1
- Setting
- loamy meadow soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted”
e1“Field weed Shannon diversity indices were 0.429 and 0.531, respectively, for sandy chestnut soil and loamy meadow soil under no-tillage conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage weed biomass in sandy chestnut soil was 1.35 times that under plowing.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- no-tillage conditionse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- field weed biomasse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 1.35e1
- Comparator
- plowing treatmente1
- Setting
- sandy chestnut soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted”
e1“Field weed Shannon diversity indices were 0.429 and 0.531, respectively, for sandy chestnut soil and loamy meadow soil under no-tillage conditions, and field weed biomass values were 1.35 and 2.26 times of plowing treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage weed biomass in loamy meadow soil was 2.26 times that under plowing.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- no-tillage conditionse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- field weed biomasse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 2.26e1
- Comparator
- plowing treatmente1
- Setting
- loamy meadow soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted”
e1“Field weed Shannon diversity indices were 0.429 and 0.531, respectively, for sandy chestnut soil and loamy meadow soil under no-tillage conditions, and field weed biomass values were 1.35 and 2.26 times of plowing treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat biomass on sandy chestnut soil under no-tillage was 2807.4 kg x hm(-2), down 22.3%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- no-tillage conditionse0
- Outcome
- oat biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2807.4 kg x hm(-2)e0
- Qualifier
- 22.3%e0
- Comparator
- plowing treatmente0
- Setting
- sandy chestnut soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field weed Shannon diversity indices were 0.429 and 0.531, respectively, for sandy chestnut soil and loamy meadow soil under no-tillage conditions, and field weed biomass values were 1.35 and 2.26 times of plowing treatment, while the oat biomass values were only 2807.4 kg x hm(-2) and 4053.9 kg x hm(-2), decreased by 22.3% and 46.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat biomass on loamy meadow soil under no-tillage was 4053.9 kg x hm(-2), down 46.2%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- no-tillage conditionse0
- Outcome
- oat biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4053.9 kg x hm(-2)e0
- Qualifier
- 46.2%e0
- Comparator
- plowing treatmente0
- Setting
- loamy meadow soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field weed Shannon diversity indices were 0.429 and 0.531, respectively, for sandy chestnut soil and loamy meadow soil under no-tillage conditions, and field weed biomass values were 1.35 and 2.26 times of plowing treatment, while the oat biomass values were only 2807.4 kg x hm(-2) and 4053.9 kg x hm(-2), decreased by 22.3% and 46.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Both tillage pattern and soil type affected weed community characteristics.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- tillage patternse1
- Outcome
- weed community characteristicse1
- Setting
- soil typese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted”
e1“the weed community characteristics were affected by both tillage patterns and soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term no-tillage favored retention of perennial weeds and community evolution.
- Taxon
- perennial weedse0
- Treatment
- Long-term no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- natural evolution of plant communitiese0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Setting
- cold and arid region of North Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Long-term no-tillage farmland in the cold and arid region of North China could promote the natural evolution of plant communities by keeping more perennial weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Plowing lowered annual weed density.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- plowing patterne1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- annual weed densitye1
- Direction
- lowerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted in 2 soils”
e1“the plowing pattern lowered the annual weed density”
Claim · model-written summary
Plowing eliminated shallow-rooted perennial weeds.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- plowing patterne1
- Interactor
- perennial weedse1weed
- Outcome
- perennial weeds with shallow rootse1
- Direction
- eliminatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted in 2 soils”
e1“the plowing pattern lowered the annual weed density, eliminated perennial weeds with shallow roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Plowing stimulated deep-rooted perennial weeds.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- plowing patterne1
- Interactor
- perennial weedse1weed
- Outcome
- perennial weeds with deep rootse1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat was planted in 2 soils”
e1“the plowing pattern lowered the annual weed density, eliminated perennial weeds with shallow roots, and stimulated perennial weeds with deep roots”
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