Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heat stress on physiological features, together with endogenous hormones and the transcription level of related genes, to estimate the heat resistance ability and stress injury mechanism of different dwarfing apple rootstocks. Among the six rootstocks, the rootstocks of native Shao series (SH series) showed better heat stress resistance than those of Budagovski 9 (B9), Cornell-Geneva 24 (CG24), and Malling 26 (M26) from abroad. Among SH series rootstocks, SH1 and SH6 showed higher heat stress resistance than SH40. M26 demonstrated the lowest adaption ability to heat stress, showing higher leaf conductivity and lower liquid water content (LWC) with the increase in temperature. Heat stress also resulted in the suppression of photosynthesis, which showed no significant restoration after 7-day recovery. It should be noted that although a higher temperature led to a lower LWC and photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) of CG24, there was no significant increase in leaf conductivity, and 7 days after the treatment, the Pn of CG24 recovered. The extremely high temperature tolerance of SH series rootstocks could be related to the greater osmotic adjustment (OA), which was reflected by smaller reductions in leaf relative water content (RWC) and higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange compared with the other rootstocks. Determination of hormones indicated multivariate regulation, and it is presumed that a relatively stable expression levels of functional genes under high-temperature stress is necessary for heat stress resistance of rootstocks.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
SH series rootstocks showed better heat resistance than B9, CG24 and M26.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- native Shao series (SH series)e0
- Outcome
- heat stress resistancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Budagovski 9 (B9), Cornell-Geneva 24 (CG24), and Malling 26 (M26)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the six rootstocks, the rootstocks of native Shao series (SH series) showed better heat stress resistance than those of Budagovski 9 (B9), Cornell-Geneva 24 (CG24), and Malling 26 (M26) from abroad.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
SH1 and SH6 had higher heat resistance than SH40.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- SH1 and SH6e0
- Outcome
- heat stress resistancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SH40e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among SH series rootstocks, SH1 and SH6 showed higher heat stress resistance than SH40.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
M26 had the lowest heat adaptation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- M26e0
- Outcome
- adaption ability to heat stresse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M26 demonstrated the lowest adaption ability to heat stress, showing higher leaf conductivity and lower liquid water content (LWC) with the increase in temperature.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
M26 leaf conductivity rose with temperature.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- M26e0
- Treatment
- increase in temperaturee0
- Outcome
- leaf conductivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M26 demonstrated the lowest adaption ability to heat stress, showing higher leaf conductivity and lower liquid water content (LWC) with the increase in temperature.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
M26 liquid water content fell as temperature rose.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- M26e0
- Treatment
- increase in temperaturee0
- Outcome
- liquid water content (LWC)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M26 demonstrated the lowest adaption ability to heat stress, showing higher leaf conductivity and lower liquid water content (LWC) with the increase in temperature.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress suppressed photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress also resulted in the suppression of photosynthesis, which showed no significant restoration after 7-day recovery.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis showed no significant restoration after seven days of recovery.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- no significant restoratione0
- Qualifier
- after 7-day recoverye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress also resulted in the suppression of photosynthesis, which showed no significant restoration after 7-day recovery.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature reduced CG24 liquid water content and photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- CG24e0
- Treatment
- higher temperaturee0
- Outcome
- LWC and photosynthetic efficiency (Pn)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It should be noted that although a higher temperature led to a lower LWC and photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) of CG24, there was no significant increase in leaf conductivity, and 7 days after the treatment, the Pn of CG24 recovered.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
CG24 leaf conductivity did not significantly increase at higher temperature.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- CG24e0
- Treatment
- higher temperaturee0
- Outcome
- leaf conductivitye0
- Direction
- no significant increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It should be noted that although a higher temperature led to a lower LWC and photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) of CG24, there was no significant increase in leaf conductivity, and 7 days after the treatment, the Pn of CG24 recovered.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
CG24 photosynthetic efficiency recovered seven days after treatment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- CG24e0
- Outcome
- Pn of CG24 recoverede0
- Qualifier
- 7 days after the treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It should be noted that although a higher temperature led to a lower LWC and photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) of CG24, there was no significant increase in leaf conductivity, and 7 days after the treatment, the Pn of CG24 recovered.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
SH rootstocks had smaller reductions in leaf relative water content than other rootstocks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- SH series rootstockse0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- smaller reductionse0
- Comparator
- other rootstockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extremely high temperature tolerance of SH series rootstocks could be related to the greater osmotic adjustment (OA), which was reflected by smaller reductions in leaf relative water content (RWC) and higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange compared with the other rootstocks.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
SH rootstocks had higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange than other rootstocks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- SH series rootstockse0
- Outcome
- turgor potentials and leaf gas exchangee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other rootstockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extremely high temperature tolerance of SH series rootstocks could be related to the greater osmotic adjustment (OA), which was reflected by smaller reductions in leaf relative water content (RWC) and higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange compared with the other rootstocks.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors linked SH heat tolerance tentatively to greater osmotic adjustment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- SH series rootstockse0
- Outcome
- high temperature tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- greater osmotic adjustment (OA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extremely high temperature tolerance of SH series rootstocks could be related to the greater osmotic adjustment (OA), which was reflected by smaller reductions in leaf relative water content (RWC) and higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange compared with the other rootstocks.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone measurement indicated multivariate regulation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- multivariate regulatione0
- Qualifier
- Determination of hormonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Determination of hormones indicated multivariate regulation, and it is presumed that a relatively stable expression levels of functional genes under high-temperature stress is necessary for heat stress resistance of rootstocks.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors presumed stable functional gene expression was necessary for heat resistance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- heat stress resistance of rootstockse0
- Qualifier
- relatively stable expression levels of functional genes under high-temperature stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Determination of hormones indicated multivariate regulation, and it is presumed that a relatively stable expression levels of functional genes under high-temperature stress is necessary for heat stress resistance of rootstocks.”
t0“apple”
The same questions in other papers
heat · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
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