Abstract
Nitrogen(N) is an important component of chlorophyll,protein,nucleic acid,and some hormones in plant,it also controls the growth and development of plant in many ecosystems.N availability has been recognized as a key constraint to plant growth.The N demand of plant and corresponding N application availability is becoming the research focus of plant nutritionists and physiologists.Jatropha curcas L.is an potential woody oil species which wildly distributed in south China.However,the effects of nitrogen supply on growth and photosynthesis of J.curcas are poorly understood.Whether N application on seedling stage can promote the survival and growth of J.curcas at dry and poor conditions have certainly became a key problem for its extensive cultivation.In the present study,the characteristics of growth and leaf photosynthesis of J.curcas seedlings with different N supply levels were investigated.The experiment was conducted in greenhouse from May 2009 to September 2009.On May 1st,J.curcas seeds were sowed in plastic pot(diameter 27 cm,height 22 cm).Twenty four such pots were prepared with four different N application rates(Control N0: 0 kg N/hm2;Low nitrogen NL: 96 kg N/hm2;Medium nitrogen NM: 288 kg N/hm2;High nitrogen NH: 480 kg N/hm2).After two months of treatment,morphological and biomass indices of seedlings,leaf gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence and some biochemical parameters were determined.The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.The growth vigor of J.curcas with NM treatment was the best and all measured gas exchange parameters was the highest among all the four treatments.The promoting effect of N application on the above-ground biomass accumulation was much stronger than that on the under-ground one.N applications significantly decreased the root-shoot ratio.In addition,the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.Results suggest that when J.curcas grows on the site with N deficiency condition,increasing nitrogen supply can promote its growth of root,shoot and leaf,and also enhance its photosynthetic capacity by improving photochemistry quantum efficiency of PSⅡ,Gs and carboxylation efficiency.While the NH treatment may have exceeded the optimum N level for J.curcas seedlings.In this study,the optimum N application rate for J.curcas seedlings was 288 kg N/hm2.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
content of leaf N rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- content of leaf Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
soluble protein rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
plant height rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
biomass of different components rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- biomass of different componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
net photosynthetic rate(Pn) rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate(Pn)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
stomatal conductance(Gs) rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance(Gs)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
transpiration rate(Tr) rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate(Tr)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
water use efficiency(WUE) rose through 288 kg N/hm2 then fell at 480 kg N/hm2.
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency(WUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2e0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hm2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the content of leaf N,soluble protein,plant height,biomass of different components,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) increased when N supply increased from 0 kg N/hm2 to 288 kg N/hm2,and then decreased when N supply reached 480 kg N/hm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium nitrogen produced the best growth vigor.
- Taxon
- J.curcas
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=60)
Jatropha curcase0 - Treatment
- NM treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth vigore0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The growth vigor of J.curcas with NM treatment was the best and all measured gas exchange parameters was the highest among all the four treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium nitrogen gave the highest measured gas exchange parameters.
- Taxon
- J.curcasJatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- NM treatmente0
- Outcome
- all measured gas exchange parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth vigor of J.curcas with NM treatment was the best and all measured gas exchange parameters was the highest among all the four treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application promoted aboveground biomass accumulation more than underground accumulation.
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- above-ground biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- much strongere0
- Comparator
- under-ground onee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The promoting effect of N application on the above-ground biomass accumulation was much stronger than that on the under-ground one.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application significantly decreased root-shoot ratio.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“N applications significantly decreased the root-shoot ratio.”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf chlorophyll content increased with nitrogen rate.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.”
Claim · model-written summary
maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm) increased with nitrogen rate.
- Treatment
- N application ratee0
- Outcome
- maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.”
Claim · model-written summary
effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m) increased with nitrogen rate.
- Treatment
- N application ratee0
- Outcome
- effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.”
Claim · model-written summary
actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ) increased with nitrogen rate.
- Treatment
- N application ratee0
- Outcome
- actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.”
Claim · model-written summary
electron transport rate(ETR) increased with nitrogen rate.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.”
Claim · model-written summary
photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with nitrogen rate.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonphotochemical quenching tended to decrease with nitrogen application.
- Treatment
- N application ratee0
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ)e0
- Direction
- converse tendencye0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf chlorophyll content,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry(Fv/Fm),effective quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(F′v/F′m),actual photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching values(qP) increased with N application rate,while the non-photochemical quenching values(NPQ) exhibited a converse tendency.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 288 kg N/hm2 as the optimum seedling nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- J.curcasJatropha curcase0
- Outcome
- optimum N application ratee0
- Value
- 288 kg N/hm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this study,the optimum N application rate for J.curcas seedlings was 288 kg N/hm2.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.