Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are a group of persistent organic contaminants commonly found in the environment.Due to their highly mutagenic and carcinogenic properties,their behaviors and fate in the soil/water plant system are of great environmental concern.Because plants form the basis of human and animal food webs,potentially harmful organic contaminants including PAHs could find their way into human and animal populations via this route.Clearly,increased understanding of how plants take up and accumulate PAHs from the environment could have considerable benefit for risk assessments.In recent decades,considerable interest in the uptake of PAHs by plants has emerged.Plants can be exposed to PAHs in different ways.Foliage uptake of atmospheric PAHs occurs via the deposition of particle-bound compounds and the retention of vapor-phase PAHs on waxy leaf cuticles.The rate and extent of plant root uptake depends on the physiochemical properties of the PAHs,soil characteristics,and plant species and physiology.Recently,metabolisms of PAHs have been observed and proven to be related to the enzyme activities in plant bodies.To this end,how to control and regulate the activity of plant enzymes and PAH metabolism is of worldwide concerns.However,little information is available on this subject.In this work,impacts of inhibitor and safener on the activities of PPO(phenol oxidase) and POD(peroxidase) and the metabolism of phenanthrene as a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in roots of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea) were investigated utilizing hydroponic cultivation system in a greenhouse.0.3% NaCl and 2.00 mg/L Vc were chosen as representatives of safener and inhibitor.Root concentrations of phenanthrene were found to be significantly higher with the addition of 2.00 mg/L Vc in 1—16 d.However,no significant difference was seen for root concentrations of phenanthrene with the addition test safener.The activities of PPO and POD in root were much lower with the addition of Vc,and were only 1/6 and 1/9 of the controls without inhibitor or safener,respectively,indicating the strong inhibition of test inhibitor on PPO and POD activity.In contrast,no significant difference was observed between the test enzyme activity with and without the addition of safener(0.3% NaCl).The initial activity of enzyme in roots of tall fescue is a key factor of the phenanthrene metabolism.With the addition of test inhibitor,the inhibition efficiency of enzyme activity was positively correlated to the inhibition efficiency of phenanthrene metabolism.This indicates that the inhibitor affected the metabolism of phenanthrene in root mainly by regulating the enzyme activity.To our knowledge,this is a primary investigation on the inhibitor and safener regulated uptake of PAHs by plant.Results of this work would be of high values in risk assessments of organic contaminants in the environment.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Vc increased root phenanthrene concentrations over days 1–16.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Treatment
- 2.00 mg/L Vce0
- Outcome
- Root concentrations of phenanthrenee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 1—16 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root concentrations of phenanthrene were found to be significantly higher with the addition of 2.00 mg/L Vc in 1—16 d.”
t0“tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not significantly change root phenanthrene concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- 0.3% NaCle1
- Outcome
- root concentrations of phenanthrenee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference was seen for root concentrations of phenanthrene with the addition test safener”
e1“0.3% NaCl and 2.00 mg/L Vc were chosen as representatives of safener and inhibitor.”
t0“tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Vc reduced root PPO activity to one sixth of controls.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Vce0
- Outcome
- activities of PPOe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1/6e0
- Comparator
- controls without inhibitor or safenere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of PPO and POD in root were much lower with the addition of Vc,and were only 1/6 and 1/9 of the controls without inhibitor or safener,respectively”
t0“tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Vc reduced root POD activity to one ninth of controls.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Vce0
- Outcome
- POD in roote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1/9e0
- Comparator
- controls without inhibitor or safenere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of PPO and POD in root were much lower with the addition of Vc,and were only 1/6 and 1/9 of the controls without inhibitor or safener,respectively”
t0“tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not significantly alter root enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- safener(0.3% NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- test enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- without the addition of safenere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference was observed between the test enzyme activity with and without the addition of safener(0.3% NaCl)”
t0“tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial root enzyme activity was identified as a key factor in phenanthrene metabolism.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- phenanthrene metabolisme0
- Qualifier
- initial activity of enzymee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initial activity of enzyme in roots of tall fescue is a key factor of the phenanthrene metabolism.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitor suppression of enzyme activity correlated positively with suppression of phenanthrene metabolism.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- test inhibitore0
- Outcome
- inhibition efficiency of phenanthrene metabolisme0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- inhibition efficiency of enzyme activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of test inhibitor,the inhibition efficiency of enzyme activity was positively correlated to the inhibition efficiency of phenanthrene metabolism.”
t0“tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that the inhibitor affected root phenanthrene metabolism mainly through enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- inhibitore0
- Outcome
- metabolism of phenanthrene in roote0
- Qualifier
- regulating the enzyme activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibitor affected the metabolism of phenanthrene in root mainly by regulating the enzyme activity”
t0“tall fescue”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · soil: biology · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
sodium chloride · molecular: metabolites · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.