Abstract
Effects of soil Cd concentration (0~33 mg·kg-1) on growth, Cd accumulation, free radical metabolism and antioxidant system of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated by using pot experiments in this study. No obvious toxic symptom in seedlings was observed in the whole dose range. However, a slightly positive effect on the seedling growth was observed at low Cd concentrations (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1). EPR investigation showed that the level of free radicals in the leaves was higher than that in the roots, and responded sensitively to soil Cd exposure. When exposed to lower Cd (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1), the level of free radicals in the leaves decreased, but significantly increased with increasing Cd concentrations. The activities of some antioxidant enzymes in the leaves, including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC1.12.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC1.11.1.6), guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC1.11.1.11), did not change much at low Cd concentrations (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1), but fluctuated drastically at high Cd concentrations. Based on the results of this study, we propose that the toxic critical value of soil Cd in inducing oxidative stress to wheat seedlings is between 3.3 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat seedlings showed no obvious toxicity across the soil Cd dose range.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- toxic symptom in seedlingse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No obvious toxic symptom in seedlings was observed in the whole dose range.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low soil Cd slightly promoted seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low Cd concentrations (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1)e0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slightly positive effect on the seedling growth was observed at low Cd concentrations (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf free radical levels exceeded root levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- level of free radicals in the leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of free radicals in the leaves was higher than that in the roots”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low Cd reduced leaf free radical levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lower Cd (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1)e0
- Outcome
- level of free radicals in the leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When exposed to lower Cd (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1), the level of free radicals in the leaves decreased”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf free radicals rose significantly as Cd concentration increased.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing Cd concentrationse0
- Outcome
- free radicalse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When exposed to lower Cd (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1), the level of free radicals in the leaves decreased, but significantly increased with increasing Cd concentrations.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf antioxidant enzyme activities changed little at low Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low Cd concentrations (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1)e0
- Outcome
- activities of some antioxidant enzymes in the leavese0
- Direction
- did not change muche0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of some antioxidant enzymes in the leaves, including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC1.12.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC1.11.1.6), guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC1.11.1.11), did not change much at low Cd concentrations (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf antioxidant enzyme activities fluctuated drastically at high Cd.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high Cd concentrationse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of some antioxidant enzymes in the leaves, including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC1.12.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC1.11.1.6), guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC1.11.1.11), did not change much at low Cd concentrations (less than 3.3 mg·kg-1), but fluctuated drastically at high Cd concentrations.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose a soil Cd oxidative-stress threshold between 3.3 and 10 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- toxic critical value of soil Cd in inducing oxidative stresse0
- Value
- between 3.3 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we propose that the toxic critical value of soil Cd in inducing oxidative stress to wheat seedlings is between 3.3 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1.”
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