Abstract
Based on the located phosphorus experiment on the wheat/maize/soybean relay-intercropping system for two consecutive years(2011-2012),the third year(2013)which focused on the effect of different rates of phosphorus on N utilization efficiency of the system and soil nitrate content change was carried out.The results showed that:(1)Aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield of wheat,maize and soybean reduced after the firstly increased with increasing phosphorus application.Compared with P1treatment,the total annual grain yield of the system in P2~P5treatments increased by 25.5%,31.9%,43.8%,18.3%,respectively.(2)Phosphorus application could significantly promote aboveground nitrogen accumulation,and enhance N utilization efficiency of crops,but less affect nitrogen physiological use efficiency of three crops.Compared with P1treatment,grain N accumulation of the system in P2~P5treatments increased by 33.5%,43.4%,56.1%,17.2%,respectively.While PFP-N of the system in P1treatment was reduced by 20.0%,26.2%,32.5%,17.9%,respectively comparing with P2~P5treatments.(3)There was no remarked difference for soil nitrate content among the treatments,and soil nitrate content of three crops at harvest stage were at a relatively low level because of the increasing of aboveground N accumulation.The difference value between the N inputs and the N outputs in P1~P5treatments were 76.1,-18.2,-50.0,-77.7,15.7kg/hm2,i.e.except for P1and P5treatments the N outputs was larger than the N inputs for P2~P4treatments.It showed that moderate phosphorus application could improve crops N uptake and therefore increase N use efficiency.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation and grain yield first rose and then fell with phosphorus rate.
Verbatim
e0“Aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield of wheat,maize and soybean reduced after the firstly increased with increasing phosphorus application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual grain yield increased 25.5% with P2 versus P1.
- Treatment
- P2e0
- Outcome
- total annual grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.5%e0
- Comparator
- P1treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with P1treatment,the total annual grain yield of the system in P2~P5treatments increased by 25.5%,31.9%,43.8%,18.3%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual grain yield increased 31.9% with P3 versus P1.
- Treatment
- P2~P5treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total annual grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.9%e0
- Comparator
- P1treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with P1treatment,the total annual grain yield of the system in P2~P5treatments increased by 25.5%,31.9%,43.8%,18.3%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual grain yield increased 43.8% with P4 versus P1.
- Treatment
- P2~P5treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total annual grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43.8%e0
- Comparator
- P1treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with P1treatment,the total annual grain yield of the system in P2~P5treatments increased by 25.5%,31.9%,43.8%,18.3%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual grain yield increased 18.3% with P5 versus P1.
- Treatment
- P5e0
- Outcome
- total annual grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.3%e0
- Comparator
- P1treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with P1treatment,the total annual grain yield of the system in P2~P5treatments increased by 25.5%,31.9%,43.8%,18.3%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus significantly increased aboveground nitrogen accumulation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus application could significantly promote aboveground nitrogen accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus enhanced crop nitrogen utilization efficiency.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“enhance N utilization efficiency of crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus had little effect on nitrogen physiological use efficiency.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“but less affect nitrogen physiological use efficiency of three crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen accumulation increased under P2 through P5 versus P1 by 33.5%, 43.4%, 56.1%, and 17.2%, respectively.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with P1treatment,grain N accumulation of the system in P2~P5treatments increased by 33.5%,43.4%,56.1%,17.2%,respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
PFP-N under P1 was lower than P2 through P5 by 20.0%, 26.2%, 32.5%, and 17.9%, respectively.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“PFP-N of the system in P1treatment was reduced by 20.0%,26.2%,32.5%,17.9%,respectively comparing with P2~P5treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrate did not differ markedly among treatments.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“There was no remarked difference for soil nitrate content among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrate was relatively low at harvest for all three crops.
Verbatim
e0“soil nitrate content of three crops at harvest stage were at a relatively low level”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen input minus output was 76.1, -18.2, -50.0, -77.7, and 15.7 kg/hm2 for P1 through P5, respectively.
- Outcome
- difference value between the N inputs and the N outputse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The difference value between the N inputs and the N outputs in P1~P5treatments were 76.1,-18.2,-50.0,-77.7,15.7kg/hm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P2 through P4, nitrogen output exceeded input.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the N outputs was larger than the N inputs for P2~P4treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate phosphorus application was concluded to improve nitrogen uptake and use efficiency.
Verbatim
e0“moderate phosphorus application could improve crops N uptake and therefore increase N use efficiency.”