Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in soils and crop plants occurs nearly in all coun- tries, particularly in cereal-growing areas. Turkey is among the countries with the most severe Zn-deficient soils. Previously, wheat grown in Central Anatolia was low yielding over many years, but the reason was unclear. In 1991/1992 a field experiment was conducted to determine whether micronutrients were a possible cause of the problem. Only with Zn application there was an impressive increase in growth and yield of wheat (T. aestivum L.). Based on these initial observations, a multi-institutional, long-term project on Zn deficiency in crop production in Central Anatolia was prepared and supported by the NATO Science for Stability Program. There were spectacular increases in grain yield of wheat with Zn fertili- sation. In certain areas with very low yields (0.25 t ha �1 ), Zn application enhanced grain yield by a factor of 6-8. The total amount of soil Zn was fairly high, between 40 and 80 mg kg �1 , but the level of plant available Zn was extremely low (DTPA- Zn: around 0.1 mg kg �1 soil). Field experiments at different locations revealed that in soils containing less than 0.4 mg kg �1 DTPA-extractable Zn, wheat, particularly durum wheat, responded significantly to Zn applications. Compared to irrigated conditions, wheat was more sensitive to Zn deficiency under rainfed conditions. Plants emerging from seeds with very high Zn concentrations (up to 55 mg kg �1 dry weight) had increased seedling vigour and pathogen resistance, as well as yield. In addition, enhancing Zn concentration in seeds reduced seeding rate, with con- sequent economic benefits. The impressive effects of Zn fertilisers on crop yield evoked considerable interest by fertiliser companies, which in 1995 started produc- ing Zn-containing compound fertilisers. Today, 12 years after the Zn deficiency problem was diagnosed as a critical problem for wheat production in Turkey, the total amount of Zn-containing compound fertilisers applied in Turkey is at a record level of 300,000 t. Ministry of Agriculture estimates put annual economic benefits from Zn fertilisation at US$100 million. As Zn deficiency is an important micro- nutrient deficiency in humans in Turkey, increases in grain Zn concentration by Zn fertilisation have obvious implications for human health.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application increased wheat growth and yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only with Zn application there was an impressive increase in growth and yield of wheat (T. aestivum L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilisation increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zn fertili- satione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were spectacular increases in grain yield of wheat with Zn fertili- sation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application enhanced wheat grain yield by a factor of 6-8 in very low-yield areas.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- a factor of 6-8e0
- Qualifier
- very low yields (0.25 t ha �1 )e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In certain areas with very low yields (0.25 t ha �1 ), Zn application enhanced grain yield by a factor of 6-8.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soil zinc was fairly high.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The total amount of soil Zn was fairly high, between 40 and 80 mg kg �1 , but the level of plant available Zn was extremely low (DTPA- Zn: around 0.1 mg kg �1 soil).”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant available soil zinc was extremely low.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the level of plant available Zn was extremely low (DTPA- Zn: around 0.1 mg kg �1 soil)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat, especially durum wheat, responded significantly to zinc application below the stated soil zinc threshold.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- durum wheate0
- Treatment
- Zn applicationse0
- Outcome
- respondede0
- Qualifier
- less than 0.4 mg kg �1 DTPA-extractable Zne0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in soils containing less than 0.4 mg kg �1 DTPA-extractable Zn, wheat, particularly durum wheat, responded significantly to Zn applications.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat was more sensitive to zinc deficiency under rainfed than irrigated conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- sensitive to Zn deficiencye0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Qualifier
- rainfed conditionse0
- Comparator
- irrigated conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to irrigated conditions, wheat was more sensitive to Zn deficiency under rainfed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
High seed zinc concentration was associated with increased seedling vigour.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Compound
- Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to 55 mg kg �1 dry weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants emerging from seeds with very high Zn concentrations (up to 55 mg kg �1 dry weight) had increased seedling vigour and pathogen resistance, as well as yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High seed zinc concentration was associated with increased pathogen resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Compound
- Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- pathogen resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants emerging from seeds with very high Zn concentrations (up to 55 mg kg �1 dry weight) had increased seedling vigour and pathogen resistance, as well as yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High seed zinc concentration was associated with increased yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Compound
- Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants emerging from seeds with very high Zn concentrations (up to 55 mg kg �1 dry weight) had increased seedling vigour and pathogen resistance, as well as yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhancing seed zinc concentration reduced seeding rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- enhancing Zn concentration in seedse0
- Outcome
- seeding ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing Zn concentration in seeds reduced seeding rate”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilisation increased grain zinc concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in grain Zn concentration by Zn fertilisation”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
346 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- negative
376 papers more in this group
See all 380 papers →zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
455 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
507 papers more in this group
See all 511 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
853 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
955 papers more in this group
See all 959 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.