Abstract
In the present study, attenuation of isoproturon (IPU) toxicity by salicylic acid (SA) was observed. Seven-day-old seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU. IPU influenced physiological and biochemical parameters. IPU significantly inhibited growth variables like shoot and root height, fresh and dry biomass of the pea. The contents of carotenoids, chlorophylls, protein and activity of nitrate reductase were inhibited significantly. IPU enhanced the accumulation of H2O2, ion leakage and lipid peroxidation due to induction of oxidative stress in pea. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase increased while the activities of guaiacol peroxidase decreased. However, exogenous SA regulated the toxic effects of IPU. The indices of oxidative stress appeared to be alleviated by SA. Pigment content and activities of enzymes increased approximately up to the level of control. IPU caused non-target phytotoxicity to P. sativum. The natural growth regulator/allelochemical has potential to overcome the adverse effects caused by IPU.Abbreviations: CAT: catalase; EL: electrolyte leakage; IPU: isoproturon; LP: lipid peroxidation; MDA: malondialdehyde; NR: nitrate reductase; POD: guaiacol peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TCA: trichloroacetic acid
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon significantly inhibited pea shoot and root height and biomass.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Material
- Azad P-1e0
- Treatment
- 10 mM IPUe0
- Outcome
- shoot and root height, fresh and dry biomasse1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU”
e1“IPU significantly inhibited growth variables like shoot and root height, fresh and dry biomass of the pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon significantly inhibited pea carotenoid and chlorophyll contents and protein.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 10 mM IPUe0
- Outcome
- contents of carotenoids, chlorophylls, proteine1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU”
e1“The contents of carotenoids, chlorophylls, protein and activity of nitrate reductase were inhibited significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon significantly inhibited pea nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 10 mM IPUe0
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee1
- Outcome
- activity of nitrate reductasee1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU”
e1“activity of nitrate reductase were inhibited significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon increased pea H2O2 accumulation, ion leakage and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 10 mM IPUe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of H2O2, ion leakage and lipid peroxidatione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU”
e1“IPU enhanced the accumulation of H2O2, ion leakage and lipid peroxidation due to induction of oxidative stress in pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon increased pea superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 10 mM IPUe0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU”
e1“The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon decreased pea guaiacol peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 10 mM IPUe0
- Outcome
- activities of guaiacol peroxidasee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU”
e1“the activities of guaiacol peroxidase decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous salicylic acid alleviated isoproturon-induced oxidative-stress indices in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe1
- Outcome
- indices of oxidative stresse1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
- Comparator
- IPUe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1)”
e1“exogenous SA regulated the toxic effects of IPU. The indices of oxidative stress appeared to be alleviated by SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid raised pigment content and enzyme activities toward control levels in isoproturon-treated pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- Pigment content and activities of enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- approximately up to the level of controle1
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1)”
e1“Pigment content and activities of enzymes increased approximately up to the level of control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest salicylic acid could mitigate isoproturon injury in pea.
- Taxon
- P. sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- overcome the adverse effects caused by IPUe0
- Qualifier
- has potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPU caused non-target phytotoxicity to P. sativum. The natural growth regulator/allelochemical has potential to overcome the adverse effects caused by IPU”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.