Abstract
Method and some experimental conditions of an alkali test were investigated in December 1963 through observations and tests on the disintegration of milled white rice kernels in dilute alkali solution. Ten milled rice kernels of duplicated samples collected from the 1963 crop, were treated in 20 ml of potassium hydroxide solution in a covered Petri dish, and laid in a room temperature regulated at 20±0.5°C. After 24-hour treatment, the degrees of kernel decomposition were evaluated in accordance with a descriptive scale (Table 1). Ventral and inner portions of kernel were less resistant to alkali as compared with the other portions of kernel. And, in the course of kernel decomposition, bursting of ventral side and turning of endosperm tissue inside out were observed (Fig. 1) in the most of japonica and some of indica varieties. So, a new 10-grade decomposition index (Table 1) considering the abovementioned decomposition features was used in this experiment to show the degree of kernel disintegration. And minute differences in the decomposition were discerned clearly by this index, especially for the japonica varieties. On the optimum concentration of KOH test solution, a clear difference between jappnica and indica varieties was revealed. And 1.4 to 1.5 % and 1.7 to 1.8 % solution of KOH seems to be suitable for japonica or easily decomposable varieties and indica or alkali resistant varieties respectively (Fig. 2). In case of usually milled rice kernels, under or over-milling in slight extent did not considerablly affect the decomposition degree of the kernels, though scaring of bran layer in the initial stage of milling process abruptly decreased the alkali resistibility and abnormally high milling revealed a progressive susceptibily to alkali in the inner layers of endosperm tissue (Fig. 3). Gracks formed in the milled kernels increased the decomposition values of the kernels (Table 2).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ventral and inner kernel portions were less resistant to alkali.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- Ventral and inner portions of kernele0
- Outcome
- resistant to alkalie0
- Direction
- less resistante0
- Comparator
- the other portions of kernele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ventral and inner portions of kernel were less resistant to alkali as compared with the other portions of kernel.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ventral bursting and endosperm inversion occurred in most japonica and some indica varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- japonica and some of indica varietiese0
- Outcome
- bursting of ventral side and turning of endosperm tissue inside oute0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bursting of ventral side and turning of endosperm tissue inside out were observed (Fig. 1) in the most of japonica and some of indica varieties.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10-grade index clearly discerned minute decomposition differences.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- minute differences in the decomposition were discerned clearlye0
- Value
- 10-gradee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a new 10-grade decomposition index (Table 1) considering the abovementioned decomposition features was used in this experiment to show the degree of kernel disintegration. And minute differences in the decomposition were discerned clearly by this index, especially for the japonica varieties.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The KOH test revealed a clear difference between japonica and indica varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- clear difference between jappnica and indica varietiese0
- Comparator
- indica varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a clear difference between jappnica and indica varieties was revealed.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 1.4 to 1.5% KOH for japonica or easily decomposable varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- japonica or easily decomposable varietiese0
- Outcome
- 1.4 to 1.5 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.4 to 1.5 % and 1.7 to 1.8 % solution of KOH seems to be suitable for japonica or easily decomposable varieties and indica or alkali resistant varieties respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 1.7 to 1.8% KOH for indica or alkali resistant varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- indica or alkali resistant varietiese0
- Outcome
- 1.7 to 1.8 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.4 to 1.5 % and 1.7 to 1.8 % solution of KOH seems to be suitable for japonica or easily decomposable varieties and indica or alkali resistant varieties respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Slight under or over milling did not considerably affect kernel decomposition.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- under or over-milling in slight extente0
- Outcome
- decomposition degree of the kernelse0
- Direction
- did not considerablly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under or over-milling in slight extent did not considerablly affect the decomposition degree of the kernels”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Scaring the bran layer decreased alkali resistance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- scaring of bran layere0
- Outcome
- alkali resistibilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“scaring of bran layer in the initial stage of milling process abruptly decreased the alkali resistibility”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Abnormally high milling increased susceptibility in inner endosperm layers.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- abnormally high millinge0
- Outcome
- susceptibily to alkalie0
- Direction
- progressivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abnormally high milling revealed a progressive susceptibily to alkali in the inner layers of endosperm tissue”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cracks in milled kernels increased decomposition values.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- milled kernelse0
- Outcome
- decomposition values of the kernelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Grackse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gracks formed in the milled kernels increased the decomposition values of the kernels”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
processing · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.