Abstract
SummaryVarious amounts of pelletised oil cake were applied to mature, non-astringent ‘Fuyu’ persimmon (Diospyros _ kaki Thunb.) trees from 2011 to 2013, to evaluate the most appropriate rate of application of the organic fertiliser to improve tree vigour and reproductive growth. Treatments included application of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% of the recommended amount (RA) of oil cake, respectively. Oil cake application at 50%, 75%, or 100% of the RA increased dry matter (DM) production by > 1,500 kg ha-1 compared to the 0% RA control. All rates of application of oil cake increased the pH, organic matter content, macro-nutrient concentrations, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity of the soil at depths of 0 - 20 cm in 2012 and in 2013. Consequently, all applications of oil cake increased leaf N concentrations by > 1%, and resulted in more than four water sprouts (shoots) per tree compared to the 0% RA treatment in 2012 and in 2013. Light interception by the central region of the canopy of each tree was reduced as rates of application of oil cake increased (R2 = 0.559). All rates of application of oil cake increased mean fruit weights by > 8 g, and fruit firmness values by > 1.4 N, compared to the 0% RA controls. The 3-year average fruit yield was highest (29,110 kg ha-1) in the 50% RA treatment. Gross incomes from the 50% RA treatment in 2012 and in 2013 were approx. 19% higher than those from the 0% RA controls.Together, these results indicate that 50% RA was the optimum rate of application of oil cake to increase fruit yields, nutrient levels, and the profitability of non-astringent persimmon trees.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Oil cake at 50%, 75%, or 100% RA increased dry matter production by over 1,500 kg ha-1.
- Treatment
- Oil cake application at 50%, 75%, or 100% of the RAe0
- Outcome
- dry matter (DM) productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- > 1,500 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 0% RA controle0
DiospyrosOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“Oil cake application at 50%, 75%, or 100% of the RA increased dry matter (DM) production by > 1,500 kg ha-1 compared to the 0% RA control”
Claim · model-written summary
All oil cake rates increased soil pH, organic matter, and macro-nutrient concentrations.
- Treatment
- All rates of application of oil cakee0
- Outcome
- pH, organic matter content, macro-nutrient concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“All rates of application of oil cake increased the pH, organic matter content, macro-nutrient concentrations, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity of the soil at depths of 0 - 20 cm in 2012 and in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
All oil cake rates increased soil cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity.
- Treatment
- All rates of application of oil cakee0
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“All rates of application of oil cake increased the pH, organic matter content, macro-nutrient concentrations, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity of the soil at depths of 0 - 20 cm in 2012 and in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil cake increased leaf nitrogen concentration by over 1%.
- Treatment
- all applications of oil cakee0
- Outcome
- leaf N concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- > 1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“all applications of oil cake increased leaf N concentrations by > 1%”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil cake resulted in more than four water sprouts per tree versus control.
- Treatment
- oil cakee1
- Outcome
- water sprouts (shoots) per treee0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- four water sprouts (shoots) per treee0
- Comparator
- 0% RA treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“resulted in more than four water sprouts (shoots) per tree compared to the 0% RA treatment”
e1“all applications of oil cake increased leaf N concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing oil cake rate reduced central canopy light interception.
- Treatment
- rates of application of oil cakee0
- Outcome
- Light interceptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- R2 = 0.559e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“Light interception by the central region of the canopy of each tree was reduced as rates of application of oil cake increased (R2 = 0.559)”
Claim · model-written summary
All oil cake rates increased mean fruit weight by over 8 g.
- Treatment
- All rates of application of oil cakee0
- Outcome
- mean fruit weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- > 8 ge0
- Comparator
- 0% RA controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“All rates of application of oil cake increased mean fruit weights by > 8 g, and fruit firmness values by > 1.4 N, compared to the 0% RA controls”
Claim · model-written summary
All oil cake rates increased fruit firmness by over 1.4 N.
- Treatment
- All rates of application of oil cakee0
- Outcome
- fruit firmness valuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- > 1.4 Ne0
- Comparator
- 0% RA controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“All rates of application of oil cake increased mean fruit weights by > 8 g, and fruit firmness values by > 1.4 N, compared to the 0% RA controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest three-year average fruit yield was 29,110 kg ha-1 at 50% RA.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“The 3-year average fruit yield was highest (29,110 kg ha-1) in the 50% RA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross income under 50% RA was about 19% higher than control.
- Treatment
- 50% RA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Gross incomese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- 0% RA controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“Gross incomes from the 50% RA treatment in 2012 and in 2013 were approx. 19% higher than those from the 0% RA controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude that 50% RA oil cake is the optimum application rate.
- Outcome
- 50% RA was the optimum rate of application of oil cakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“persimmon”
e0“50% RA was the optimum rate of application of oil cake to increase fruit yields, nutrient levels, and the profitability of non-astringent persimmon trees”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · quality: postharvest · DiospyrosResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.