Abstract
Because of the danger of injury to apple foliage and fruits from lime-sulfur, experiments were undertaken to determine the value of hydrated lime, calcium caseinate and glue in reducing the injurious properties of this spray as well as to ascertain the utility of various sulfur and copper dusts and sprays as possible substitutes for lime-sulfur for summer applications. This report considers only the effect of the different materials on the foliage and fruit of apples. All the spray and dust mixtures affected to some degree the surfaces of apple fruits. "Sun scald" or "spray burn" was the most conspicuous type of injury and was common in all of the plats receiving applications of sulfur either as lime-sulfur solution or flowers of sulfur, or sulfur flour applied as a dust. Russeting varied in intensity with the different treatments. Injuries to foliage were largely confined to plats sprayed with lime-sulfur solution. The addition of calcium caseinate, glue, and lime hydrate reduced to some extent injuries to both fruits and foliage, but they did not prevent important injury to foliage in some instances.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
spray and dust mixtures affected to some degree surfaces of apple fruits on apple.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- spray and dust mixturese0
- Outcome
- surfaces of apple fruitse0
- Direction
- affected to some degreee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“All the spray and dust mixtures affected to some degree the surfaces of apple fruits.”
Claim · model-written summary
applications of sulfur common "Sun scald" or "spray burn" on apple.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- applications of sulfure0
- Outcome
- "Sun scald" or "spray burn"e0
- Direction
- commone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“"Sun scald" or "spray burn" was the most conspicuous type of injury and was common in all of the plats receiving applications of sulfur either as lime-sulfur solution or flowers of sulfur, or sulfur flour applied as a dust.”
Claim · model-written summary
different treatments varied in intensity Russeting on apple.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- different treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Russetinge0
- Direction
- varied in intensitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“Russeting varied in intensity with the different treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
lime-sulfur solution largely confined Injuries to foliage on apple.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- lime-sulfur solutione0
- Outcome
- Injuries to foliagee0
- Direction
- largely confinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“Injuries to foliage were largely confined to plats sprayed with lime-sulfur solution.”
Claim · model-written summary
calcium caseinate reduced to some extent injuries to both fruits and foliage on apple.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium caseinatee0
- Outcome
- injuries to both fruits and foliagee0
- Direction
- reduced to some extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“The addition of calcium caseinate, glue, and lime hydrate reduced to some extent injuries to both fruits and foliage, but they did not prevent important injury to foliage in some instances.”
Claim · model-written summary
glue reduced to some extent injuries to both fruits and foliage on apple.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- gluee0
- Outcome
- injuries to both fruits and foliagee0
- Direction
- reduced to some extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“The addition of calcium caseinate, glue, and lime hydrate reduced to some extent injuries to both fruits and foliage, but they did not prevent important injury to foliage in some instances.”
Claim · model-written summary
lime hydrate reduced to some extent injuries to both fruits and foliage on apple.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- lime hydratee0
- Outcome
- injuries to both fruits and foliagee0
- Direction
- reduced to some extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“The addition of calcium caseinate, glue, and lime hydrate reduced to some extent injuries to both fruits and foliage, but they did not prevent important injury to foliage in some instances.”
Claim · model-written summary
These additions did not prevent important foliage injury in some instances.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium caseinate, glue, and lime hydratee1
- Outcome
- important injury to foliagee0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Fruits and Foliage”
e0“they did not prevent important injury to foliage in some instances”
e1“The addition of calcium caseinate, glue, and lime hydrate”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →lime · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.