Abstract
The average growth of four series of trees of Pinus radiata D. Don, which were prevented from swaying in the wind by the attachment of guy-wires, is compared with the average growth of similar series of free-swaying trees. Free-swaying trees grew more in diameter over the lower part of the trunk than stayed trees. After 10 yr the increased growth due to sway could be detected to a height on the trunk of between 25 and 30 ft. The effect of sway at a height of 4 f t was greater in a very heavily thinned test area than in a well-stocked test area. Sway caused increased diameter growth of roots near the trunk and increased eccentric trunk development along the line of the main winds. The height growth of the stayed trees was little different from that of the free-swaying trees, but height/diameter relationships were changed. After 2 yr trees that had been prevented from swaying were no longer stable in a normal environment. When the upper parts of stayed trees were allowed to sway the trees made good use of the factors of the locality for 8 yr. In a series where stayed trees were prevented from swaying throughout their length progressive suppression of diameter and volume increment was observed over 15 yr. Individual reaction to the stimulus of sway appeared to be one of the factors that contributed to the progressive assertion of dominance by certain trees.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Free swaying increased lower trunk diameter growth.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. Don
Pinus radiatat0 - Treatment
- Free-swayinge0
- Outcome
- diameter over the lower part of the trunke0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- stayed treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Free-swaying trees grew more in diameter over the lower part of the trunk than stayed trees”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
Claim · model-written summary
Sway related diameter growth reached 25 to 30 ft after 10 years.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- increased growth due to swaye0
- Value
- between 25 and 30 fte0
- Qualifier
- After 10 yre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 10 yr the increased growth due to sway could be detected to a height on the trunk of between 25 and 30 ft”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
Claim · model-written summary
Sway effects at 4 ft were greater in heavily thinned than well stocked areas.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Treatment
- swaye0
- Outcome
- effect of swaye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- well-stocked test areae0
- Setting
- very heavily thinned test areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of sway at a height of 4 f t was greater in a very heavily thinned test area than in a well-stocked test area”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
Claim · model-written summary
Sway increased root diameter growth near the trunk.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Treatment
- Swaye0
- Outcome
- diameter growth of roots near the trunke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sway caused increased diameter growth of roots near the trunk”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
Claim · model-written summary
Sway increased eccentric trunk development along prevailing winds.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Treatment
- swayt1
- Outcome
- eccentric trunk developmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- along the line of the main windse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased eccentric trunk development along the line of the main winds”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
t1“wind sway”
Claim · model-written summary
Stayed and free swaying trees had little difference in height growth.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Treatment
- stayed treese0
- Outcome
- height growthe0
- Direction
- little differente0
- Comparator
- free-swaying treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The height growth of the stayed trees was little different from that of the free-swaying trees”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
Claim · model-written summary
Staying changed height to diameter relationships.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Treatment
- stayed treest1
- Outcome
- height/diameter relationshipse0
- Direction
- changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“height/diameter relationships were changed”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
t1“stayed trees was little different”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees prevented from swaying were unstable after two years.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Treatment
- prevented from swayinge0
- Outcome
- no longer stablee0
- Qualifier
- After 2 yre0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 2 yr trees that had been prevented from swaying were no longer stable in a normal environment”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
Claim · model-written summary
When upper parts could sway, stayed trees used locality factors well for eight years.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- made good use of the factors of the localitye0
- Qualifier
- for 8 yre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the upper parts of stayed trees were allowed to sway the trees made good use of the factors of the locality for 8 yr”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”
Claim · model-written summary
Full length restraint progressively suppressed diameter and volume increment over 15 years.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata D. DonPinus radiatat0
- Treatment
- prevented from swaying throughout their lengthe0
- Outcome
- diameter and volume incremente0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Qualifier
- over 15 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stayed trees were prevented from swaying throughout their length progressive suppression of diameter and volume increment was observed over 15 yr”
t0“Pinus radiata D. Don”