Abstract
SummaryThe addition of surfactants to single foliar sprays of paclobutrazol, applied 3½ weeks after full bloom, enhanced their effect in suppressing shoot growth of the cv Suntan; the surfactant Ortho X-77 was particularly effective in this respect. Similarly, the addition of the surfactant Sunspray 67E to paclobutrazol sprays applied sequentially three times during the growing season, improved shoot growth control on the cv Cox. Increasing the concentration of paclobutrazol in these three sprays, from 30 to 240 mg l−1, produced only a minimal increase in the level of shoot growth suppression where no Sunspray 67E was included, but the effect was much greater in the presence of the surfactant. Except when applied to Suntan in combinations with Ortho X-77, paclobutrazol sprays had no effect on the numbers of extension shoots formed on either cultivar but increased the proportion of shorter shoots measured at the end of the growing season; the addition of surfactants or increased paclobutrazol concentrations both enhanced this effect. Although single paclobutrazol sprays produced no significant effect on the total yield of Suntan, three sprays to Cox increased fruit abscission and reduced the total yield. Cox fruit size was improved, however, and the treatments increased the weights of Extra Class and Class 1 fruits harvested. Ortho X-77 caused severe russeting of Suntan fruit. Cox was also slightly russeted by the higher paclobutrazol concentrations and by the inclusion of Sunspray 67E to the sprays.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactants enhanced suppression of Suntan shoot growth by a single paclobutrazol spray, especially Ortho X-77.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Suntane0
- Treatment
- addition of surfactants to single foliar sprays of paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
- Qualifier
- Ortho X-77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“The addition of surfactants to single foliar sprays of paclobutrazol, applied 3½ weeks after full bloom, enhanced their effect in suppressing shoot growth of the cv Suntan; the surfactant Ortho X-77 was particularly effective in this respect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Sunspray 67E improved shoot growth control by three sequential paclobutrazol sprays in Cox.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- addition of the surfactant Sunspray 67E to paclobutrazol sprayse0
- Outcome
- shoot growth controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“the addition of the surfactant Sunspray 67E to paclobutrazol sprays applied sequentially three times during the growing season, improved shoot growth control on the cv Cox.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing paclobutrazol concentration from 30 to 240 mg l−1 minimally increased shoot growth suppression without Sunspray 67E.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the concentration of paclobutrazol in these three sprayse0
- Outcome
- shoot growth suppressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 30 to 240 mg l−1e0
- Qualifier
- where no Sunspray 67E was includede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Increasing the concentration of paclobutrazol in these three sprays, from 30 to 240 mg l−1, produced only a minimal increase in the level of shoot growth suppression where no Sunspray 67E was included”
Claim · model-written summary
The concentration effect on shoot growth suppression was much greater with Sunspray 67E.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the concentration of paclobutrazol in these three sprayse0
- Outcome
- shoot growth suppressione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- in the presence of the surfactante0
- Comparator
- where no Sunspray 67E was includede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Increasing the concentration of paclobutrazol in these three sprays, from 30 to 240 mg l−1, produced only a minimal increase in the level of shoot growth suppression where no Sunspray 67E was included, but the effect was much greater in the presence of the surfactant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol sprays generally did not change the number of extension shoots, except for Suntan with Ortho X-77.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazol sprayse0
- Outcome
- numbers of extension shoots formede0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- Except when applied to Suntan in combinations with Ortho X-77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Except when applied to Suntan in combinations with Ortho X-77, paclobutrazol sprays had no effect on the numbers of extension shoots formed on either cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol sprays increased the proportion of shorter shoots at season end, enhanced by surfactants or higher concentration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazol sprayse0
- Outcome
- proportion of shorter shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- the addition of surfactants or increased paclobutrazol concentrations both enhanced this effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“paclobutrazol sprays had no effect on the numbers of extension shoots formed on either cultivar but increased the proportion of shorter shoots measured at the end of the growing season; the addition of surfactants or increased paclobutrazol concentrations both enhanced this effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
A single paclobutrazol spray had no significant effect on total Suntan yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Suntane0
- Treatment
- single paclobutrazol sprayse0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“single paclobutrazol sprays produced no significant effect on the total yield of Suntan”
Claim · model-written summary
Three paclobutrazol sprays increased Cox fruit abscission.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- three sprayse0
- Outcome
- fruit abscissione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“three sprays to Cox increased fruit abscission and reduced the total yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Three paclobutrazol sprays reduced total Cox yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- three sprayse0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“three sprays to Cox increased fruit abscission and reduced the total yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol treatments improved Cox fruit size.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Cox fruit size was improved, however, and the treatments increased the weights of Extra Class and Class 1 fruits harvested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol treatments increased weights of harvested Extra Class and Class 1 Cox fruits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weights of Extra Class and Class 1 fruits harvestede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Cox fruit size was improved, however, and the treatments increased the weights of Extra Class and Class 1 fruits harvested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ortho X-77 caused severe russeting of Suntan fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Suntane0
- Treatment
- Ortho X-77e0
- Outcome
- severe russeting of Suntan fruite0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Ortho X-77 caused severe russeting of Suntan fruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher paclobutrazol concentrations slightly russeted Cox fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- higher paclobutrazol concentrationse0
- Outcome
- slightly russetede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Cox was also slightly russeted by the higher paclobutrazol concentrations and by the inclusion of Sunspray 67E to the sprays.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Sunspray 67E to sprays slightly russeted Cox fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- inclusion of Sunspray 67E to the sprayse0
- Outcome
- slightly russetede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivars Cox and Suntan”
e0“Cox was also slightly russeted by the higher paclobutrazol concentrations and by the inclusion of Sunspray 67E to the sprays.”
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