Abstract
Effects of postharvest oxalic acid (OA) application on chilling injury (CI) in harvested mango fruit ( Mangifera indica L.) were investigated using ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit from Florida and ‘Zill’ fruit from Panzhihua. The OA was applied to harvested fruit as a 5 or 10 m m drench for 10 or 15 minutes at 25 °C. ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit typically develop external CI symptoms while ‘Zill’ develops internal symptoms. Development of CI symptoms was significantly reduced in OA-treated ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit stored for 18 days at 5 °C as was the rate of softening upon transfer to 25 °C for 4 days. However, OA treatment did not substantially control fruit decay. For ‘Zill’, CI development was significantly reduced in OA-treated fruit during storage at 10 °C for 49 days and subsequently for 4 days at 25 °C. In addition, membrane integrity was enhanced and the activities of the antioxidant system enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were elevated, although there were decreases in both hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and superoxide radical production in OA-treated fruit. The activities of some enzymes of the energy cycle were also elevated in the OA-treated fruit, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), H + -adenosine triphosphatase (H + -ATPase), and Ca 2+ -adenosine triphosphatase (Ca 2+ -ATPase). Thus, OA may enhance CI tolerance in mango fruit by maintaining membrane integrity associated with enhanced antioxidant activity and regulation of energy metabolism. Application of 5 m m OA appears to be beneficial in controlling postharvest CI in mango fruit.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Tommy Atkins fruit typically develop external chilling injury, whereas Zill develop internal symptoms.
- Taxon
- Mango
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicat0 - Material
- ‘Tommy Atkins’e0
- Outcome
- external CI symptomse0
- Comparator
- ‘Zill’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit typically develop external CI symptoms while ‘Zill’ develops internal symptoms.”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid significantly reduced chilling injury in Tommy Atkins fruit after 18 days at 5 °C.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- ‘Tommy Atkins’e0
- Treatment
- OA-treatede0
- Outcome
- Development of CI symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 18 days at 5 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development of CI symptoms was significantly reduced in OA-treated ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit stored for 18 days at 5 °C as was the rate of softening upon transfer to 25 °C for 4 days.”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid reduced softening of Tommy Atkins fruit after transfer to 25 °C.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- ‘Tommy Atkins’e0
- Treatment
- OA-treatede0
- Outcome
- rate of softeninge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 25 °C for 4 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development of CI symptoms was significantly reduced in OA-treated ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit stored for 18 days at 5 °C as was the rate of softening upon transfer to 25 °C for 4 days.”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid did not substantially control fruit decay.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- OA treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit decaye0
- Direction
- did not substantially controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, OA treatment did not substantially control fruit decay.”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid significantly reduced chilling injury in Zill fruit.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Material
- ‘Zill’e0
- Treatment
- OA-treatede0
- Outcome
- CI developmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 10 °C for 49 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘Zill’, CI development was significantly reduced in OA-treated fruit during storage at 10 °C for 49 days and subsequently for 4 days at 25 °C.”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid enhanced membrane integrity in Zill fruit.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- OA-treatede0
- Outcome
- membrane integritye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, membrane integrity was enhanced and the activities of the antioxidant system enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were elevated, although there were decreases in both hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and superoxide radical production in OA-treated fruit.”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid elevated SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities in Zill fruit.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Outcome
- activities of the antioxidant system enzymese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of the antioxidant system enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were elevated”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid reduced hydrogen peroxide content and superoxide radical production in Zill fruit.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- OA-treatede0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and superoxide radical productione0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were decreases in both hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and superoxide radical production in OA-treated fruit.”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid elevated succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- OA-treatede0
- Outcome
- activities of some enzymes of the energy cyclee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of some enzymes of the energy cycle were also elevated in the OA-treated fruit, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), H + -adenosine triphosphatase (H + -ATPase), and Ca 2+ -adenosine triphosphatase (Ca 2+ -ATPase).”
t0“Mango Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that oxalic acid may enhance chilling tolerance through membrane integrity, antioxidant activity and energy metabolism.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- OAe0
- Outcome
- CI tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- maintaining membrane integrity associated with enhanced antioxidant activity and regulation of energy metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, OA may enhance CI tolerance in mango fruit by maintaining membrane integrity associated with enhanced antioxidant activity and regulation of energy metabolism.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 5 m m oxalic acid to control postharvest chilling injury in mango.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- 5 m m OAe0
- Outcome
- controlling postharvest CIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 5 m m OA appears to be beneficial in controlling postharvest CI in mango fruit.”
The same questions in other papers
oxalic acid · disease · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.