Abstract
1. The classification of Adzukibean varieties based on responses to daylength was carried out and several characteristics of the varieties with regard to these responses were studied. 2. The early varieties were apperared to have less sensitivity to short-day and the late varieties were showed to have great sensitivity. The order arranged in series, from the early to the late of varieties, coinsided with the order of sensitivity to daylength among all varieties in Adzukibeans. 3. M 2 group, intermediate variety, is an unstable group which is very sensible to the effect of daylengh and temperature, and its flowering date is especially liable to vary by the different temperature from year to Year. 4. The grade of sensitivity to daylength among varieties in every region showed the latitudinal adaptation. While in comparison with Manturian and Hokkaido ecotypes, the former showed slightly greater than the latter for the sensitivity to short-day. This difference may be due to the determinate and indeterminate plant type. The early varieties distributed in the southern region have the greater sensitivity to short-day than the early varieties in the southern region have the greatest sensitivity to short-day. 5. Under the stronger level of short-day, the threshold of temperature to flowering showed no difference among varieties, but under long-day treatments, the threshold of temperature to flowering gradually increased according to the degree of lateness of the varieties. This may be due to the varietal difference for responses to photoperiod influenced by temperature. 6. The grade of sensitivity to short-day was decided by the difference of flowering dates between short- and long-day treatments. The flowering date showed no difference at the short-day plot. Therefor, the different sensitivity to daylength among varieties was appeared by the difference of the delay of flowering under long-day plot. In this test, the experiment was taken place under the natural condition of seasonal temperature. So, the delayed varieties received the different temperature on subsequent growth to flowering in comparison with the earlier varieties which have already finished their flowering. Under different conditions, we cannot compare the characteristics of the varieties. But in this experiment the thresholds of temperature on flowering from early to late among varieties, were just arranged in the order of the seasonal increase of temperature. From the reason above, when we want to test the relative order of sensitivity to daylength, it may be possible to use the changing temperature under seasonal condition. 7. The order of the grade of earliness and the sensitivity to daylength among varieties, coinsided with each other. This shows that the selection by the long photoperiod on the summer solstice in Central Japan and the test of 16h30m long-day plot under natural temperature, have the seame effectiveness each other. Then, the test of the earliness may substitute for a practical method of the test of the sensitivity to daylength.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early Adzukibean varieties showed less sensitivity to short days than late varieties.
- Taxon
- Adzukibean
Vigna angularise1 - Material
- early varietiese0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to short-daye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- late varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The early varieties were apperared to have less sensitivity to short-day and the late varieties were showed to have great sensitivity”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The intermediate M 2 group had flowering dates that varied especially with temperature.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Material
- M 2 groupe0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- flowering datee0
- Direction
- varye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M 2 group, intermediate variety, is an unstable group which is very sensible to the effect of daylengh and temperature, and its flowering date is especially liable to vary by the different temperature from year to Year”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Manchurian ecotypes were slightly more sensitive to short days than Hokkaido ecotypes.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Material
- Manturiane0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to short-daye0
- Direction
- slightly greatere0
- Comparator
- Hokkaido ecotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison with Manturian and Hokkaido ecotypes, the former showed slightly greater than the latter for the sensitivity to short-day”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Under stronger short days, temperature thresholds for flowering did not differ among varieties.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Treatment
- stronger level of short-daye0
- Outcome
- threshold of temperature to floweringe0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the stronger level of short-day, the threshold of temperature to flowering showed no difference among varieties”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Under long days, temperature thresholds for flowering increased with varietal lateness.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Treatment
- long-day treatmentse0
- Outcome
- threshold of temperature to floweringe0
- Direction
- gradually increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under long-day treatments, the threshold of temperature to flowering gradually increased according to the degree of lateness of the varieties”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering dates did not differ among varieties under short days.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Outcome
- flowering datee0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Setting
- short-day plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flowering date showed no difference at the short-day plot”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in sensitivity to daylength appeared as differences in flowering delay under long days.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Outcome
- sensitivity to daylengthe0
- Qualifier
- delay of flowering under long-day plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the different sensitivity to daylength among varieties was appeared by the difference of the delay of flowering under long-day plot”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Varietal earliness and daylength sensitivity had matching orders.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Outcome
- grade of earlinesse0
- Comparator
- sensitivity to daylengthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The order of the grade of earliness and the sensitivity to daylength among varieties, coinsided with each other”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The summer-solstice long photoperiod and a 16h30m long-day plot were equally effective for assessing daylength sensitivity.
Verbatim
e0“the selection by the long photoperiod on the summer solstice in Central Japan and the test of 16h30m long-day plot under natural temperature, have the seame effectiveness each other”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose earliness testing as a practical substitute for testing daylength sensitivity.
- Taxon
- AdzukibeanVigna angularise1
- Outcome
- test of the earlinesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the test of the earliness may substitute for a practical method of the test of the sensitivity to daylength”
e1“Adzukibean varieties”