Abstract
Chrysanthemum is an important traditional Chinese medicine and is drunk daily as a herbal tea. Chlorogenic acids and flavonoids are generally considered as the bioactive compounds. In this work, six kinds of Juhua Tea were analyzed and their active compounds and antioxidant activities were compared. In total, 32 phenolic compounds were profiled and identified using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn, composed of chlorogenic acids (10), flavones (8), chalcones (8), flavanones (4) and flavonols (2). Chalcones were the main flavonoids in Kunlun Xueju (Coreopsis tinctoria) extract, while flavones and chlorogenic acids were dominant in the five Chrysanthemum teas. Total chlorogenic acids content (TCA) was highest in Tai Ju (Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Tai Ju') (8.59 ± 0.87 mg/g DW), and total flavonoids content (TF) was highest in Kunlun Xueju (87.2 ± 7.0 mg/g DW), which were both lowest in Ganye Ju (Chrysanthemum eticuspe) (TCA 0.86 ± 0.26 mg/g DW, TF 1.43 ± 0.41 mg/g DW). Huangin Ju (Anthemis tinctoria) possessed the most flavones (19.7 ± 0.6 mg/g DW). Antioxidant capacity of each drink, assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, consistently showed that Kunlun Xueju extract possessed stronger antioxidant activity than the other five, suggesting that the flavonoids content accounted for the free radical scavenging. The present work provides a method for the characterization and quality control of Juhua Tea. Moreover, it is a guideline for consuming choice, due to the different biological functions resulting from chalcones, chlorogenic acids, and flavones.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-two phenolics in Juhua teas were identified.
Verbatim
e0“In total, 32 phenolic compounds were profiled and identified using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn, composed of chlorogenic acids (10), flavones (8), chalcones (8), flavanones (4) and flavonols (2).”
t0“Juhua Teas”
Claim · model-written summary
Chalcones predominated in Kunlun Xueju extract.
- Taxon
- Coreopsis tinctoria
Coreopsis tinctoriae0 - Material
- Kunlun Xuejue0
- Outcome
- Chalcones were the main flavonoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chalcones were the main flavonoids in Kunlun Xueju (Coreopsis tinctoria) extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavones and chlorogenic acids predominated in five Chrysanthemum teas.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemume0 - Outcome
- flavones and chlorogenic acids were dominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“flavones and chlorogenic acids were dominant in the five Chrysanthemum teas”
Claim · model-written summary
Tai Ju had the highest total chlorogenic acids content.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifolium
Chrysanthemum ×morifoliume0 - Material
- Tai Jue0
- Outcome
- Total chlorogenic acids contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.59 ± 0.87 mg/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorogenic acids content (TCA) was highest in Tai Ju (Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Tai Ju') (8.59 ± 0.87 mg/g DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kunlun Xueju had the highest total flavonoids content.
- Taxon
- Coreopsis tinctoriaCoreopsis tinctoriat0
- Material
- Kunlun Xuejue0
- Outcome
- total flavonoids contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 87.2 ± 7.0 mg/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total flavonoids content (TF) was highest in Kunlun Xueju (87.2 ± 7.0 mg/g DW)”
t0“Kunlun Xueju (Coreopsis tinctoria) extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Ganye Ju had the lowest total chlorogenic acid content.
Verbatim
e0“both lowest in Ganye Ju (Chrysanthemum eticuspe) (TCA 0.86 ± 0.26 mg/g DW, TF 1.43 ± 0.41 mg/g DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ganye Ju had the lowest total flavonoid content.
Verbatim
e0“both lowest in Ganye Ju (Chrysanthemum eticuspe) (TCA 0.86 ± 0.26 mg/g DW, TF 1.43 ± 0.41 mg/g DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Huangin Ju had the most flavones.
- Taxon
- Anthemis tinctoria
Cota tinctoriae0 - Material
- Huangin Jue0
- Outcome
- flavonese0
- Direction
- moste0
- Value
- 19.7 ± 0.6 mg/g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Huangin Ju (Anthemis tinctoria) possessed the most flavones (19.7 ± 0.6 mg/g DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kunlun Xueju had stronger antioxidant activity than the other five teas.
- Taxon
- Coreopsis tinctoriaCoreopsis tinctoriat0
- Material
- Kunlun Xuejue0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- the other fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kunlun Xueju extract possessed stronger antioxidant activity than the other five”
t0“Kunlun Xueju (Coreopsis tinctoria) extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed radical scavenging to flavonoid content.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that the flavonoids content accounted for the free radical scavenging”
t0“Juhua Teas”
Claim · model-written summary
The study supplies a characterization and quality-control method for Juhua tea.
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“The present work provides a method for the characterization and quality control of Juhua Tea.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the work as a consumption guide.
Verbatim
e0“it is a guideline for consuming choice, due to the different biological functions resulting from chalcones, chlorogenic acids, and flavones”
t0“Juhua Teas”