Abstract
Wheat were grown alone or in association with pea (Pisum sativum L.) or broad bean (Vicia faba L.) under several treatment conditions of nitrogen application, temperature and clipping in nitrogen-poor soil. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Without nitrogen fertilizer and with nitrogen 1 kg/10 a, top dry weight and nitrogen content of wheat in association with pea were the same as those grown alone on the 60th and the 70th day after sowing, but were remarkably larger on the 85th day when tops of the pea died and almost all the root nodules sloughed off (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4). With nitrogen 8 kg/10 a, however, they were less than those grown alone 60, 70 and 85 days after sowing. 2. Wheat grown in association with broad bean yielded smaller top dry weight and nitrogen than those grown alone till the 83rd day after planting at 10°, 15°, 20°and 25°C (Figs. 5 and 6). In the early stage of anthesis of broad bean 4 months after planting, the wheat at 15°, 20° and 25°C yielded more dry weight and nitrogen, being largest at 20°C where broad bean growth was most marked on the 53rd and 83rd day (Figs. 8 and 9). Four months after planting, acetylene reduction activity declined markedly and some of the root nodules sloughed off (Fig. 9). At 10°C, top dry weight and nitrogen content of wheat did not increase by association with broad bean. 3. Clipping the tops of broad bean plants in soil culture increased top dry weight and nitrogen content of associated wheat at 15°, 20° and 25°C. These increase were observed 30 days after clipping at 20° and 25°C and after 66 days at 15OC (Figs. 5 and 6). Broad bean grown in gravel culture containing no nitrogen fertilizer increased inorganic nitrogen in the culture solution after clipping their tops. The amount of nitrogen increased markedly at 20°C than at 10°C (Table 2). It is found from these results that the increase of nitrogen content of wheat by association with these two legumes is observed 3 to 4 months after sowing or planting and also that this increase is promoted by the favorable conditions for nodulation and nitrogen fixation, such as nitrogen-poor soil and appropriate temperature.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Without nitrogen fertilizer and with 1 kg/10 a nitrogen, wheat grown with pea had the same top dry weight and nitrogen content as wheat grown alone on the 60th and 70th day after sowing.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- in association with peae1
- Interactor
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1other - Outcome
- top dry weight and nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- the samee1
- Qualifier
- on the 60th and the 70th day after sowinge1
- Comparator
- those grown alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Without nitrogen fertilizer and with nitrogen 1 kg/10 a, top dry weight and nitrogen content of wheat in association with pea were the same as those grown alone on the 60th and the 70th day after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grown with pea had remarkably larger top dry weight and nitrogen content than wheat grown alone on the 85th day, when the pea tops died and almost all root nodules sloughed off.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- in association with peae1
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1other
- Outcome
- top dry weight and nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- remarkably largere1
- Qualifier
- on the 85th day when tops of the pea died and almost all the root nodules sloughed offe1
- Comparator
- those grown alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“top dry weight and nitrogen content of wheat in association with pea were the same as those grown alone on the 60th and the 70th day after sowing, but were remarkably larger on the 85th day when tops of the pea died and almost all the root nodules sloughed off”
Claim · model-written summary
With 8 kg/10 a nitrogen, wheat grown with pea had less top dry weight and nitrogen content than wheat grown alone at 60, 70 and 85 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- in association with peae1
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1other
- Outcome
- top dry weight and nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- With nitrogen 8 kg/10 ae1
- Comparator
- those grown alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“top dry weight and nitrogen content of wheat in association with pea were the same as those grown alone on the 60th and the 70th day after sowing, but were remarkably larger on the 85th day when tops of the pea died and almost all the root nodules sloughed off (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4). With nitrogen 8 kg/10 a, however, they were less than those grown alone 60, 70 and 85 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grown with broad bean had smaller top dry weight and nitrogen than wheat grown alone until the 83rd day after planting at 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- in association with broad beane1
- Interactor
- broad bean
Vicia fabae1other - Outcome
- top dry weight and nitrogene1
- Direction
- smallere1
- Qualifier
- till the 83rd day after planting at 10°, 15°, 20°and 25°Ce1
- Comparator
- those grown alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Wheat grown in association with broad bean yielded smaller top dry weight and nitrogen than those grown alone till the 83rd day after planting at 10°, 15°, 20°and 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
At the early anthesis stage of broad bean, 4 months after planting, wheat at 15, 20 and 25 degrees C yielded more dry weight and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 15°, 20° and 25°Ce1
- Interactor
- broad beanVicia fabae1other
- Outcome
- dry weight and nitrogene1
- Direction
- moree1
- Qualifier
- In the early stage of anthesis of broad bean 4 months after plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat at 15°, 20° and 25°C yielded more dry weight and nitrogen, being largest at 20°C where broad bean growth was most marked on the 53rd and 83rd day”
e2“In the early stage of anthesis of broad bean 4 months after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat dry weight and nitrogen were largest at 20 degrees C, where broad bean growth was most marked on the 53rd and 83rd day.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 20°Ce1
- Interactor
- broad beanVicia fabae1other
- Outcome
- dry weight and nitrogene1
- Direction
- largeste1
- Qualifier
- where broad bean growth was most marked on the 53rd and 83rd daye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat at 15°, 20° and 25°C yielded more dry weight and nitrogen, being largest at 20°C where broad bean growth was most marked on the 53rd and 83rd day”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 degrees C, top dry weight and nitrogen content of wheat did not increase by association with broad bean.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- association with broad beane1
- Interactor
- broad beanVicia fabae1other
- Outcome
- top dry weight and nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
- Qualifier
- At 10°Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At 10°C, top dry weight and nitrogen content of wheat did not increase by association with broad bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Clipping the tops of broad bean plants in soil culture increased top dry weight and nitrogen content of the associated wheat at 15, 20 and 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Clipping the tops of broad bean plantse1
- Interactor
- broad beanVicia fabae1other
- Outcome
- top dry weight and nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at 15°, 20° and 25°Ce1
- Setting
- soil culturee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clipping the tops of broad bean plants in soil culture increased top dry weight and nitrogen content of associated wheat at 15°, 20° and 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad bean grown in gravel culture without nitrogen fertilizer increased inorganic nitrogen in the culture solution after its tops were clipped.
- Taxon
- Broad beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- clipping their topse1
- Outcome
- inorganic nitrogen in the culture solutione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- gravel culturee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Broad bean grown in gravel culture containing no nitrogen fertilizer increased inorganic nitrogen in the culture solution after clipping their tops”
Claim · model-written summary
The amount of inorganic nitrogen released after clipping increased markedly more at 20 degrees C than at 10 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Broad beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- 20°Ce1
- Outcome
- amount of nitrogene1
- Direction
- increased markedlye1
- Comparator
- 10°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Broad bean grown in gravel culture containing no nitrogen fertilizer increased inorganic nitrogen in the culture solution after clipping their tops. The amount of nitrogen increased markedly at 20°C than at 10°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Four months after planting, acetylene reduction activity declined markedly and some root nodules sloughed off.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Four months after planting, acetylene reduction activity declined markedly and some of the root nodules sloughed off”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the increase of wheat nitrogen content by association with these two legumes is observed 3 to 4 months after sowing or planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- association with these two legumese1
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- 3 to 4 months after sowing or plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the increase of nitrogen content of wheat by association with these two legumes is observed 3 to 4 months after sowing or planting and also that this increase is promoted by the favorable conditions for nodulation and nitrogen fixation, such as nitrogen-poor soil and appropriate temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the increase in wheat nitrogen is promoted by conditions favorable for nodulation and nitrogen fixation, such as nitrogen-poor soil and appropriate temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- nitrogen-poor soile1
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente1
- Qualifier
- favorable conditions for nodulation and nitrogen fixation, such as nitrogen-poor soil and appropriate temperaturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the increase of nitrogen content of wheat by association with these two legumes is observed 3 to 4 months after sowing or planting and also that this increase is promoted by the favorable conditions for nodulation and nitrogen fixation, such as nitrogen-poor soil and appropriate temperature”
The same questions in other papers
Vicia faba · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →mechanical · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.