Abstract
SummaryIn 1984 and 1985, eight strawberry (Fragaria × ananasso Duch) cultivars were exposed to the pollinating activity of honey bees and other insects, or protected by isolating cages. The extent of pollination under cages, measured as percentage of poorly pollinated (PP) fruit, was not related to stamen height or to the ratio between stamen and receptacle heights. Open pollination, compared to absence of insects under cages, decreased the percentage of PP fruit and increased the number of fruit set, the latter being more pronounced in those cultivars which had a lower fruit set under cages. There was no correlation, however, between increase in degree of pollination observed in open polli-nated vs. caged plots, and the frequency of insect visits at blooming. Also, a sizeable, cultivar-specific percentage of PP fruit could still be counted on open pollinated plots, in spite of the abundance of both pollinators and pollen from different genotypic sources. It was concluded that, for some genotypes, pistil sterility can be a cause of poor achene fertility. In all cultivars, flower attractiveness towards bees was positively correlated with flower attractiveness towards other insect pollinators, when honey bees were very numerous, however, they appeared to be stronger competitors, diverting other pollinators to other foraging grounds. Insect pollination was estimated to contribute 28% of the yield, averaged over both years.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Poorly pollinated fruit under cages was unrelated to stamen height or its ratio to receptacle height.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Organ / stage
- stamene0
- Outcome
- percentage of poorly pollinated (PP) fruite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The extent of pollination under cages, measured as percentage of poorly pollinated (PP) fruit, was not related to stamen height or to the ratio between stamen and receptacle heights.”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Open pollination decreased the percentage of poorly pollinated fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Open pollinatione0
- Outcome
- percentage of PP fruite0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- absence of insects under cagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Open pollination, compared to absence of insects under cages, decreased the percentage of PP fruit and increased the number of fruit set”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Open pollination increased fruit set, especially in cultivars with low fruit set under cages.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Open pollinatione0
- Outcome
- number of fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced in those cultivars which had a lower fruit set under cagese0
- Comparator
- absence of insects under cagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Open pollination, compared to absence of insects under cages, decreased the percentage of PP fruit and increased the number of fruit set, the latter being more pronounced in those cultivars which had a lower fruit set under cages.”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved pollination under open access was not correlated with insect visit frequency.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- degree of pollinatione0
- Comparator
- frequency of insect visits at bloominge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no correlation, however, between increase in degree of pollination observed in open polli-nated vs. caged plots, and the frequency of insect visits at blooming.”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
A cultivar-specific fraction of poorly pollinated fruit remained in open plots despite abundant pollinators and pollen.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- percentage of PP fruite0
- Qualifier
- open pollinated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a sizeable, cultivar-specific percentage of PP fruit could still be counted on open pollinated plots, in spite of the abundance of both pollinators and pollen from different genotypic sources.”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Pistil sterility may cause poor achene fertility in some genotypes.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- pistile0
- Outcome
- poor achene fertilitye0
- Qualifier
- for some genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for some genotypes, pistil sterility can be a cause of poor achene fertility.”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower attractiveness to bees positively correlated with attractiveness to other insect pollinators.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- beesAnthophilae0pollinator
- Outcome
- flower attractiveness towards beese0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Comparator
- flower attractiveness towards other insect pollinatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all cultivars, flower attractiveness towards bees was positively correlated with flower attractiveness towards other insect pollinators”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
When abundant, honey bees appeared to divert other pollinators to other foraging grounds.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- diverting other pollinators to other foraging groundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when honey bees were very numerous, however, they appeared to be stronger competitors, diverting other pollinators to other foraging grounds.”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pollination contributed an estimated 28% of strawberry yield across both years.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Insect pollinatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 28%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect pollination was estimated to contribute 28% of the yield, averaged over both years.”
t0“strawberry fruit set and fertility”
The same questions in other papers
pollination · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.