Abstract
In attention to wheat importance in people nutrition and wide distribution of salt agricultural lands, bread wheat variety of karaj3 were aeroponicaly way grown to investigate weak and power points in response to salinity. After growing the seedlings as 4 -5 leaf stage, they were exposed to salt stress, 200 mM NaCl. Then, rapid chlorophyll a fluorescence, activities of enzymes involving plant defense mechanisms, indices related to oxidative stress and membrane stability index were measured. The obtained results displayed that total superoxide dismutase activity and its isozymes had no significant changes under stress conditions. In addition, activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were elevated under stress conditions. Hydrogen peroxide, a toxic metabolite, accumulated in leaf cells affecting by salt, though significant increasing of its scavenger enzymes. Also, significant alterations occurred for lipid peroxidation and membrane stability index by salt. Na and K values in variety of karaj3 showed that K/Na ratio was more than one, however, significant increasing of Na and high decreasing of K were found. Assessing of indices related to rapid chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed that Fv/Fm parameter has been just decreased under salt. Therefore, results showed that selection of salt tolerant varieties just by Fv/Fm index was not enough reliable and it is better to apply simultaneously other indices particularly yield index. Photosystem II was not susceptible to salinity in Karaj3 variety, too. It seems lack of increased activity of superoxide dismutase and its isozymes was the probable factor for accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress initiation, in spite of increased its scavenging enzymes activity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity and isozymes did not change significantly under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- total superoxide dismutase activity and its isozymese0
- Direction
- no significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total superoxide dismutase activity and its isozymes had no significant changes under stress conditions”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities increased under stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were elevated under stress conditions”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide accumulated in salt-affected leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- leaf cellse0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- Hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen peroxide, a toxic metabolite, accumulated in leaf cells affecting by salt”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt significantly altered lipid peroxidation and membrane stability index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and membrane stability indexe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant alterations occurred for lipid peroxidation and membrane stability index by salt”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
Claim · model-written summary
Na increased significantly under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- salt stress, 200 mM NaCle2
- Outcome
- Nae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increasing of Na and high decreasing of K were found”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
e2“salt stress, 200 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
K decreased substantially under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- salt stress, 200 mM NaCle2
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increasing of Na and high decreasing of K were found”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
e2“salt stress, 200 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm decreased under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fm parametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fv/Fm parameter has been just decreased under salt”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosystem II was not susceptible to salinity in Karaj3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Karaj3e0
- Outcome
- Photosystem II was not susceptible to salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosystem II was not susceptible to salinity in Karaj3 variety”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that unchanged superoxide dismutase activity may explain hydrogen peroxide accumulation and oxidative stress initiation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase and its isozymese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress initiatione0
- Qualifier
- probable factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It seems lack of increased activity of superoxide dismutase and its isozymes was the probable factor for accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress initiation”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend indices beyond Fv/Fm, particularly yield, for salt tolerance selection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- apply simultaneously other indices particularly yield indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selection of salt tolerant varieties just by Fv/Fm index was not enough reliable and it is better to apply simultaneously other indices particularly yield index”
e1“bread wheat variety of karaj3”
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