Abstract
Seeds of temperate fruit species need a long time to germinate as a result of their requirement of stratification or cold treatment. Therefore, fast and uniform germination techniques are desirable and important for fruit tree propagation and especially for breeding studies. The effects of combinations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) on in vitro embryo germination of apricot, peach, and wild cherry were determined without seed cold pretreatment. The results showed that no germination was recorded in all the seeds with testa. In the seeds without testa, no germination (wild cherry) or limited germination (less than 10%) was recorded. When the embryos separated from cotyledons were cultured, successful germination was obtained for all species. In general, the addition of different combinations of BAP and GA 3 into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium significantly increased the germination ratios of embryos without cotyledons in all species. For wild cherry, the best treatment (66.7% germination) was MS media containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 or 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 4.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 . For peach, the best treatment (86.7% germination) was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 . For apricot, the best treatment (93.3%) was MS media containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 1.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , or 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds with testa did not germinate in apricot.
- Taxon
- apricot
Prunus armeniacae1 - Organ / stage
- seeds with testae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no germination was recorded in all the seeds with testa”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds with testa did not germinate in peach.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicae1 - Organ / stage
- seeds with testae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no germination was recorded in all the seeds with testa”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds with testa did not germinate in wild cherry.
Verbatim
e0“no germination was recorded in all the seeds with testa”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild cherry seeds without testa did not germinate.
Verbatim
e0“In the seeds without testa, no germination (wild cherry) or limited germination (less than 10%) was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Other seeds without testa had limited germination below 10%.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacae1
- Organ / stage
- seeds without testae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- limited germinatione0
- Value
- less than 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the seeds without testa, no germination (wild cherry) or limited germination (less than 10%) was recorded”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach seeds without testa had limited germination below 10%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae1
- Organ / stage
- seeds without testae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- limited germinatione0
- Value
- less than 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the seeds without testa, no germination (wild cherry) or limited germination (less than 10%) was recorded”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos separated from cotyledons germinated successfully in apricot.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacae1
- Organ / stage
- embryos separated from cotyledonse0
- Outcome
- successful germinatione0
- Value
- all speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the embryos separated from cotyledons were cultured, successful germination was obtained for all species”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos separated from cotyledons germinated successfully in peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae1
- Organ / stage
- embryos separated from cotyledonse0
- Outcome
- successful germinatione0
- Value
- all speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the embryos separated from cotyledons were cultured, successful germination was obtained for all species”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos separated from cotyledons germinated successfully in wild cherry.
Verbatim
e0“When the embryos separated from cotyledons were cultured, successful germination was obtained for all species”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP and GA 3 combinations significantly increased embryo germination in apricot.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacae1
- Treatment
- different combinations of BAP and GA 3e0
- Outcome
- germination ratios of embryos without cotyledonse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of different combinations of BAP and GA 3 into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium significantly increased the germination ratios of embryos without cotyledons in all species”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP and GA 3 combinations significantly increased embryo germination in peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- different combinations of BAP and GA 3e0
- Outcome
- germination ratios of embryos without cotyledonse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of different combinations of BAP and GA 3 into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium significantly increased the germination ratios of embryos without cotyledons in all species”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP and GA 3 combinations significantly increased embryo germination in wild cherry.
- Taxon
- wild cherrye1
- Treatment
- different combinations of BAP and GA 3e0
- Outcome
- germination ratios of embryos without cotyledonse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the addition of different combinations of BAP and GA 3 into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium significantly increased the germination ratios of embryos without cotyledons in all species”
e1“apricot, peach, and wild cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild cherry germination reached 66.7% with MS medium containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP and 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3.
Verbatim
e0“For wild cherry, the best treatment (66.7% germination) was MS media containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 or 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 4.0 mg·L −1 GA 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild cherry germination reached 66.7% with MS medium containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP and 4.0 mg·L −1 GA 3.
Verbatim
e0“For wild cherry, the best treatment (66.7% germination) was MS media containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 or 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 4.0 mg·L −1 GA 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach germination reached 86.7% with 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP and 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 86.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For peach, the best treatment (86.7% germination) was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Apricot germination reached 93.3% with 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3e0
- Outcome
- best treatmente0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 93.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For apricot, the best treatment (93.3%) was MS media containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 1.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , or 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Apricot germination reached 93.3% with 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 1.0 mg·L −1 GA 3.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 1.0 mg·L −1 GA 3e0
- Outcome
- best treatmente0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 93.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For apricot, the best treatment (93.3%) was MS media containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 1.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , or 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Apricot germination reached 93.3% with 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3e0
- Outcome
- best treatmente0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 93.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For apricot, the best treatment (93.3%) was MS media containing 0.5 mg·L −1 BAP + 3.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 1.0 mg·L −1 GA 3 , or 1.0 mg·L −1 BAP + 2.0 mg·L −1 GA 3”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Prunus persica (peach)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →N-benzyladenine · growth · Prunus persica (peach)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →N-benzyladenine · growth · Prunus armeniaca (apricot)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Gibberellic acid · growth · Prunus armeniaca (apricot)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.