Abstract
Switchgrass seeds were irrigated by two of salt solution treatments(sodium chloride mixture,sodium sulfate mixture) with 6 saline concentration levels(control,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%,2.0%).Effects of salt stress on switchgrass seed germination and seedling growth are reported.Results indicate that the seeds' germination rate reduces with an increase in salt concentration.Germination is restrained under all the concentration levels during early development;however,under lower salt concentrations this negative effect is reduced with further germination.After 11 days,the germination rate has no significant difference between control and low concentration treatments(sodium sulfate mixture 0.4%,0.8% and 1.2%,sodium chloride mixture 0.4 %).Results indicate that switchgrass has some salt tolerance.Seed germination rate and index of switchgrass seeds irrigated by both 0.4% sodium sulfate mixture and 0.4% Sodium chloride mixture are significantly higher than controls.Therefore,the low salt treatment improves germination of switchgrass seeds.Under the same salt concentration level,both seedling vigor index and relative seedling vigor index of the switchgrass seeds are lower in sodium chloride solution than in sodium sulfate solution.Sodium chloride solution is more harmful on switchgrass seedling than sodium sulfate solution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Switchgrass seed germination rate fell as salt concentration rose.
- Taxon
- switchgrass
Panicum virgatumt0 - Treatment
- salt concentratione0
- Outcome
- seeds' germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seeds' germination rate reduces with an increase in salt concentration”
t0“switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt restrained early switchgrass germination at every concentration.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Organ / stage
- early developmente0
- Treatment
- all the concentration levelse0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- restrainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination is restrained under all the concentration levels during early development”
t0“switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The adverse germination effect of low salt concentrations weakened as germination progressed.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Treatment
- lower salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- negative effecte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under lower salt concentrations this negative effect is reduced with further germination”
t0“switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
After 11 days, germination under 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% sodium sulfate did not differ significantly from control.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Treatment
- sodium sulfate mixture 0.4%,0.8% and 1.2%e0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- After 11 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 11 days,the germination rate has no significant difference between control and low concentration treatments(sodium sulfate mixture 0.4%,0.8% and 1.2%,sodium chloride mixture 0.4 %)”
t0“switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
After 11 days, germination under 0.4% sodium chloride did not differ significantly from control.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Treatment
- sodium chloride mixture 0.4 %e0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- After 11 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 11 days,the germination rate has no significant difference between control and low concentration treatments(sodium sulfate mixture 0.4%,0.8% and 1.2%,sodium chloride mixture 0.4 %)”
t0“switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.4% sodium sulfate, switchgrass germination rate and index were significantly higher than controls.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- 0.4% sodium sulfate mixturee0
- Outcome
- Seed germination rate and indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination rate and index of switchgrass seeds irrigated by both 0.4% sodium sulfate mixture and 0.4% Sodium chloride mixture are significantly higher than controls”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.4% sodium chloride, switchgrass germination rate and index were significantly higher than controls.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- 0.4% Sodium chloride mixturee0
- Outcome
- Seed germination rate and indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination rate and index of switchgrass seeds irrigated by both 0.4% sodium sulfate mixture and 0.4% Sodium chloride mixture are significantly higher than controls”
Claim · model-written summary
At equal salt concentration, seedling vigor index was lower under sodium chloride than sodium sulfate.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- sodium chloride solutione0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sodium sulfate solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same salt concentration level,both seedling vigor index and relative seedling vigor index of the switchgrass seeds are lower in sodium chloride solution than in sodium sulfate solution”
Claim · model-written summary
At equal salt concentration, relative seedling vigor index was lower under sodium chloride than sodium sulfate.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- sodium chloride solutione0
- Outcome
- relative seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sodium sulfate solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same salt concentration level,both seedling vigor index and relative seedling vigor index of the switchgrass seeds are lower in sodium chloride solution than in sodium sulfate solution”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)Results differ
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
sodium sulfate · growth · Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.