Abstract
In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices. True predator-prey relation existed between Ts and Hdwith It.. Rs was the most important parasite and Hd population was low throughout. Winter mulching was most effective against the parasitic nematodes as confirmed by the most stable and greatest abundance in population of It. When forest litter mulch was compared with farmyard manure, NPK, and carbofuran, it was found that carbofuran was most effective in bringing down the population of both parasitic and predator populations. Carbofuran plus FYM plus NPK resulted in best yield in the succeeding year. Forest litter followed by FYM followed by NPK and their combinations could be recommended for orchards with low and moderate populations of Ts Carbofuran plus FYM of forest litter plus NPK was recommended only when Ts populations were at their highest usually once in 5–6 years in unamended soils.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Iotonchus tenuicaudatus preyed on Tylenchulus semipenetrans in mandarin orange orchards under normal agricultural practices.
- Taxon
- mandarin orange
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Citrus reticulatae0 - Interactor
- Tylenchulus semipenetransTylenchulus semipenetranse0pest
- Second interactor
- Iotonchus tenuicaudatuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- predated upone0
- Setting
- homestead orchardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Iotonchus tenuicaudatus preyed on Helicotylenchus dihystera in mandarin orange orchards under normal agricultural practices.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Interactor
- Helicotylenchus dihystera
Helicotylenchus dihysterae0pest - Second interactor
- Iotonchus tenuicaudatuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- predated upone0
- Setting
- homestead orchardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Rs was the most important parasite in mandarin orange orchards.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Interactor
- Rse1pest
- Outcome
- most important parasitee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e1“Rs was the most important parasite and Hd population was low throughout”
Claim · model-written summary
The Helicotylenchus dihystera population was low throughout the study.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Interactor
- Helicotylenchus dihysteraHelicotylenchus dihysterae0pest
- Outcome
- populatione1
- Qualifier
- low throughoute1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e1“Rs was the most important parasite and Hd population was low throughout”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter mulching was most effective against the parasitic nematodes.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Treatment
- Winter mulchinge2
- Interactor
- parasitic nematodese2pest
- Outcome
- effective against the parasitic nematodese2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e2“Winter mulching was most effective against the parasitic nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter mulching gave the greatest abundance of the predator Iotonchus tenuicaudatus, with the most stable population.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Treatment
- Winter mulchinge2
- Interactor
- Iotonchus tenuicaudatuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- abundance in population of Ite3
- Direction
- greateste3
- Qualifier
- most stablee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e2“Winter mulching was most effective against the parasitic nematodes”
e3“as confirmed by the most stable and greatest abundance in population of It”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran was most effective in bringing down both parasitic and predator nematode populations, compared with forest litter mulch, farmyard manure and NPK.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Treatment
- carbofurane4
- Outcome
- population of both parasitic and predator populationse4
- Direction
- bringing downe4
- Comparator
- farmyard manure, NPKe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e4“When forest litter mulch was compared with farmyard manure, NPK, and carbofuran, it was found that carbofuran was most effective in bringing down the population of both parasitic and predator populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran plus FYM plus NPK gave the best yield in the succeeding year.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Treatment
- Carbofuran plus FYM plus NPKe5
- Outcome
- yield in the succeeding yeare5
- Direction
- beste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e5“Carbofuran plus FYM plus NPK resulted in best yield in the succeeding year”
Claim · model-written summary
Forest litter followed by FYM followed by NPK and their combinations could be recommended for orchards with low and moderate populations of Ts.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Outcome
- Forest litter followed by FYM followed by NPK and their combinationse6
- Qualifier
- for orchards with low and moderate populations of Tse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e6“Forest litter followed by FYM followed by NPK and their combinations could be recommended for orchards with low and moderate populations of Ts”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran plus FYM of forest litter plus NPK was recommended only when Ts populations were at their highest, usually once in 5–6 years in unamended soils.
- Taxon
- mandarin orangeCitrus reticulatae0
- Outcome
- Carbofuran plus FYM of forest litter plus NPKe7
- Qualifier
- only when Ts populations were at their highest usually once in 5–6 years in unamended soilse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mandarin orange decline affected homestead orchards, Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Ts.) and Helicotylenchus dihystera (Hd) were predated upon by Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (It) under normal agricultural practices”
e7“Carbofuran plus FYM of forest litter plus NPK was recommended only when Ts populations were at their highest usually once in 5–6 years in unamended soils”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Citrus reticulata (tangerine)Results agree
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See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.