Abstract
ABSTRACTPanicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane as well as of several other important grains, including sorghum, pearl millet, and foxtail millet. Pot trials were conducted to study the activity and potential interactions of topramezone in mixture with recommended rates of rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron on three annual panicoid grasses (i.e. Echinochloa oryzoides,E.phyllopogon, and Panicum miliaceum). Target weeds were treated at the four- to five-leaf growth stage. On the basis of fresh weight reduction, topramezone alone provided 78% control of E.oryzoides, 68% control of E.phyllopogon, and 99% control of P.miliaceum. Topramezone plus rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron provided decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. compared with topramezone alone. The decreased control of E.oryzoidesand E.phyllopogon was more pronounced with rimsulfuron as a companion herbicide in the mixtures. Slightly decreased control of P.milaceum was observed with topramezone plus rimsulfuron compared with topramezone alone, but this was not the case for topramezone plus nicosulfuron. Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron did not improve control of E.oryzoides and E.phyllopogon compared with the lowest topramezone rate. Also, increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron showed decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. when compared with either rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron alone, suggesting a two-way interaction between topramezone and the ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The above-mentioned interaction was not observed in P.miliaceum, probably related with species sensitivity to the herbicides tested. Newly introduced or naturalized panicoid grasses in maize fields may complicate selection of companion herbicides and rates for effective weed control.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Topramezone alone gave 78% fresh weight control of Echinochloa oryzoides in maize-field grass weeds.
- Treatment
- topramezone alonee1
- Interactor
- E.oryzoidesEchinochloa oryzoidese1weed
- Outcome
- fresh weight reductione1
- Value
- 78%e1
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e1“On the basis of fresh weight reduction, topramezone alone provided 78% control of E.oryzoides, 68% control of E.phyllopogon, and 99% control of P.miliaceum”
Claim · model-written summary
Topramezone alone gave 68% fresh weight control of Echinochloa phyllopogon.
- Treatment
- topramezone alonee1
- Interactor
- E.phyllopogonEchinochloa phyllopogone1weed
- Outcome
- fresh weight reductione1
- Value
- 68%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e1“On the basis of fresh weight reduction, topramezone alone provided 78% control of E.oryzoides, 68% control of E.phyllopogon, and 99% control of P.miliaceum”
Claim · model-written summary
Topramezone alone gave 99% fresh weight control of Panicum miliaceum.
- Treatment
- topramezone alonee1
- Interactor
- P.miliaceum
Panicum miliaceume1weed - Outcome
- fresh weight reductione1
- Value
- 99%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e1“On the basis of fresh weight reduction, topramezone alone provided 78% control of E.oryzoides, 68% control of E.phyllopogon, and 99% control of P.miliaceum”
Claim · model-written summary
Topramezone plus rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron gave decreased control of both Echinochloa species compared with topramezone alone.
- Treatment
- Topramezone plus rimsulfuron or nicosulfurone2
- Interactor
- Echinochloa spp.
Echinochloae2weed - Outcome
- controle2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- topramezone alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e2“Topramezone plus rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron provided decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. compared with topramezone alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in control of Echinochloa oryzoides and E. phyllopogon was more pronounced with rimsulfuron as companion herbicide.
- Treatment
- rimsulfuron as a companion herbicide in the mixturese3
- Interactor
- E.oryzoidesEchinochloa oryzoidese3weed
- Second interactor
- E.phyllopogonEchinochloa phyllopogone3weed
- Outcome
- controle3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e3“The decreased control of E.oryzoidesand E.phyllopogon was more pronounced with rimsulfuron as a companion herbicide in the mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Topramezone plus rimsulfuron slightly decreased control of Panicum miliaceum compared with topramezone alone.
- Treatment
- topramezone plus rimsulfurone4
- Interactor
- P.milaceume4weed
- Outcome
- controle4
- Direction
- Slightly decreasede4
- Comparator
- topramezone alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e4“Slightly decreased control of P.milaceum was observed with topramezone plus rimsulfuron compared with topramezone alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Topramezone plus nicosulfuron did not decrease control of Panicum miliaceum compared with topramezone alone.
- Treatment
- topramezone plus nicosulfurone5
- Interactor
- P.milaceume4weed
- Outcome
- controle4
- Comparator
- topramezone alonee4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e4“Slightly decreased control of P.milaceum was observed with topramezone plus rimsulfuron compared with topramezone alone”
e5“but this was not the case for topramezone plus nicosulfuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron did not improve control of E. oryzoides and E. phyllopogon compared with the lowest topramezone rate.
- Treatment
- Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfurone6
- Interactor
- E.oryzoidesEchinochloa oryzoidese6weed
- Second interactor
- E.phyllopogonEchinochloa phyllopogone6weed
- Outcome
- controle6
- Direction
- did not improvee6
- Comparator
- the lowest topramezone ratee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e6“Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron did not improve control of E.oryzoides and E.phyllopogon compared with the lowest topramezone rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron gave decreased control of both Echinochloa species compared with either herbicide alone.
- Treatment
- increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfurone7
- Interactor
- Echinochloa spp.Echinochloae7weed
- Outcome
- controle7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Comparator
- either rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron alonee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane”
e7“increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron showed decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. when compared with either rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron alone”
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