Abstract
The effects of seed priming by salicylic acid on some physiological traits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cv. Parastou were investigated under water deficit conditions at podding stage. Experiment was done as a split block design with 3 replications in 2008 at Research Station of Zanjan University. Main factor consisted of two levels of irrigation (normal irrigation and deficit irrigation at podding stages) and seed priming with salicylic acid as a sub factor in 5 levels (0, 900, 1800, 2700, 3600 µM). Analysis of variance showed that irrigation and salicylic acid had significant effects on all characters. Furthermore, interaction between irrigation and salicylic acid were significant only for leaf relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and seed yield. Mean comparisons showed that relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and seed yield decreased due to water deficit as compared to normal irrigation, but leaf internal CO2 increased. These traits, except leaf internal CO2 wereincreased through primed seed priming as compared to untreated seeds. Priming of seeds with 2700 µM salicylic acid had desirable effect on all traits compared to other treatments in irrigated and water deficit conditions. Seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid caused higher relative water content, which protects plants against water stress. In addition to increasing chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates of plant increased. Thus, seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid produced highest seed yield (4424 and 2475 kg.ha-1) in both regular and deficits irrigations at podding stage, respectively.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and salicylic acid significantly affected all measured traits.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Outcome
- all characterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of variance showed that irrigation and salicylic acid had significant effects on all characters.”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and salicylic acid interacted significantly for relative water content, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and yield.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation and salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll ae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interaction between irrigation and salicylic acid were significant only for leaf relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and seed yield.”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced relative water content and photosynthetic rates compared with normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- relative water content, photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and seed yield decreased due to water deficit as compared to normal irrigation”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll compared with normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and seed yield decreased due to water deficit as compared to normal irrigation”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced seed yield compared with normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and seed yield decreased due to water deficit as compared to normal irrigation”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased leaf internal CO2.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- water deficite1
- Outcome
- leaf internal CO2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but leaf internal CO2 increased.”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e1“water deficit as compared to normal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming increased relative water content and photosynthetic rates relative to untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- primed seed priminge0
- Outcome
- relative water content, photosynthetic ratese1
- Direction
- wereincreasede0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These traits, except leaf internal CO2 wereincreased through primed seed priming as compared to untreated seeds.”
e1“relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and seed yield”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming increased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll relative to untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- primed seed priminge0
- Outcome
- content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- wereincreasede0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These traits, except leaf internal CO2 wereincreased through primed seed priming as compared to untreated seeds.”
e1“content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming increased seed yield relative to untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- primed seed priminge0
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- wereincreasede0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These traits, except leaf internal CO2 wereincreased through primed seed priming as compared to untreated seeds.”
e1“seed yield decreased due to water deficit”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid had desirable effects on all traits compared with other treatments under both irrigation conditions.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2700 µM salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- all traitse0
- Direction
- desirable effecte0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming of seeds with 2700 µM salicylic acid had desirable effect on all traits compared to other treatments in irrigated and water deficit conditions.”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid increased relative water content.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2700 µM salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid caused higher relative water content”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid increased chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2700 µM salicylic acide1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition to increasing chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates of plant increased.”
e1“Seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid increased photosynthetic rates.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2700 µM salicylic acide1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic rates of plant increased.”
e1“Seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid gave the highest regular irrigation seed yield, 4424 kg.ha-1.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2700 µM salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4424 and 2475 kg.ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- regular and deficits irrigations at podding stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid produced highest seed yield (4424 and 2475 kg.ha-1) in both regular and deficits irrigations at podding stage, respectively.”
t0“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.