Abstract
In Nebraska, 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) as well as acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor-resistant weeds occur in many soybean fields where herbicides from these modes-of-action have been frequently used in the past. Currently, the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitors are the only effective herbicides for POST control of both glyphosate- and ALS-inhibitor-resistant weeds in soybean. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2014 to evaluate the efficacy of PPO-inhibitors applied POST for the control of three glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds and potential for soybean injury, when applied at two growth stages. All herbicide treatments controlled 10- and 20-cm tall GR common waterhemp ≥ 95% at 21 DAT. GR giant ragweed and kochia were controlled 86 to 99% when treated at 10-cm height and 78 to 92% at 20-cm height by 21 DAT. Herbicide treatments reduced shoot biomass in the three GR weeds 88 to 100% when treated at 10-cm height and 73 to 100% when treated at 20-cm height, at 21 DAT. Soybean injury and shoot biomass data revealed that acifluorfen and lactofen were more injurious (≥ 17%), whereas fomesafen, and fomesafen plus glyphosate were relatively safer (< 10% injury). Overall, fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PPO-inhibiting herbicides controlled GR common waterhemp at 95% or more at 21 days after treatment
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe5 - Treatment
- PPO-inhibitorse0
- Interactor
- GR common waterhempe1weed
- Outcome
- controllede1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- ≥ 95%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of PPO-inhibitors applied POST for the control of three glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds”
e1“All herbicide treatments controlled 10- and 20-cm tall GR common waterhemp ≥ 95% at 21 DAT”
e5“fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen”
Claim · model-written summary
PPO-inhibiting herbicides controlled GR giant ragweed and kochia 86 to 99% when treated at 10 cm
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- PPO-inhibitorse0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede2weed
- Outcome
- controllede2
- Direction
- controllede2
- Value
- 86 to 99%e2
- Qualifier
- when treated at 10-cm heighte2
BassiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of PPO-inhibitors applied POST for the control of three glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds”
e2“GR giant ragweed and kochia were controlled 86 to 99% when treated at 10-cm height and 78 to 92% at 20-cm height by 21 DAT”
e5“fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen”
Claim · model-written summary
PPO-inhibiting herbicides controlled GR giant ragweed and kochia 78 to 92% when treated at 20 cm
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- PPO-inhibitorse0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede2weed
- Outcome
- controllede2
- Direction
- controllede2
- Value
- 78 to 92%e2
- Qualifier
- at 20-cm heighte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of PPO-inhibitors applied POST for the control of three glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds”
e2“GR giant ragweed and kochia were controlled 86 to 99% when treated at 10-cm height and 78 to 92% at 20-cm height by 21 DAT”
e5“fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments reduced shoot biomass of the GR weeds 88 to 100% when treated at 10 cm
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse3
- Interactor
- GR weedse3weed
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 88 to 100%e3
- Qualifier
- when treated at 10-cm heighte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Herbicide treatments reduced shoot biomass in the three GR weeds 88 to 100% when treated at 10-cm height and 73 to 100% when treated at 20-cm height, at 21 DAT”
e5“fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments reduced shoot biomass of the GR weeds 73 to 100% when treated at 20 cm
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse3
- Interactor
- GR weedse3weed
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 73 to 100%e3
- Qualifier
- when treated at 20-cm heighte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Herbicide treatments reduced shoot biomass in the three GR weeds 88 to 100% when treated at 10-cm height and 73 to 100% when treated at 20-cm height, at 21 DAT”
e5“fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen”
Claim · model-written summary
Acifluorfen caused more soybean injury than fomesafen (17% or more)
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- acifluorfene4
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye4
- Direction
- more injuriouse4
- Value
- ≥ 17%e4
- Comparator
- fomesafene4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean injury and shoot biomass data revealed that acifluorfen and lactofen were more injurious (≥ 17%), whereas fomesafen, and fomesafen plus glyphosate were relatively safer (< 10% injury)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactofen caused more soybean injury than fomesafen (17% or more)
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- lactofene4
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye4
- Direction
- more injuriouse4
- Value
- ≥ 17%e4
- Comparator
- fomesafene4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean injury and shoot biomass data revealed that acifluorfen and lactofen were more injurious (≥ 17%), whereas fomesafen, and fomesafen plus glyphosate were relatively safer (< 10% injury)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen was relatively safe for soybean, with under 10% injury
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- fomesafene4
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye4
- Direction
- relatively safere4
- Value
- < 10% injurye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean injury and shoot biomass data revealed that acifluorfen and lactofen were more injurious (≥ 17%), whereas fomesafen, and fomesafen plus glyphosate were relatively safer (< 10% injury)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen plus glyphosate was relatively safe for soybean, with under 10% injury
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- fomesafen plus glyphosatee4
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye4
- Direction
- relatively safere4
- Value
- < 10% injurye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean injury and shoot biomass data revealed that acifluorfen and lactofen were more injurious (≥ 17%), whereas fomesafen, and fomesafen plus glyphosate were relatively safer (< 10% injury)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen controlled GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed and kochia more effectively than acifluorfen and lactofen
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- fomesafene5
- Interactor
- GR common waterhempe5weed
- Second interactor
- giant ragweed
.jpg?width=60)
Ambrosia trifidae5weed - Outcome
- controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochiae5
- Direction
- more effectivee5
- Comparator
- acifluorfen and lactofene5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e5“fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen plus glyphosate controlled GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed and kochia more effectively than acifluorfen and lactofen
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- fomesafen plus glyphosatee5
- Interactor
- GR common waterhempe5weed
- Second interactor
- giant ragweedAmbrosia trifidae5weed
- Outcome
- controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochiae5
- Direction
- more effectivee5
- Comparator
- acifluorfen and lactofene5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“fomesafen and fomesafen plus glyphosate caused least injury to soybean and were more effective in controlling GR common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia compared with acifluorfen and lactofen”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
fomesafen · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
fomesafen · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
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See all 11 papers →glyphosate · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 23 papers →acifluorfen · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →herbicide · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 58 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
118 papers more in this group
See all 122 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.