Paper · 2014 · ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice

Studies on ecology of Echinochloa spp. and effect of herbicide on their distribution pattern in upland paddy under mid-hill condition

Dhiman Mukherjee

12
claims
25
verbatim quotes
2
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during 2010 and 2011, at Kalimpong with the objective of improving the production of rice with sustainable weed management practices. Study revealed that the two species of Echinochloa i.e E colona, and E.crusgalli preferred moist condition and continued to grow under shallow submergence condition of hills. Among all the chemical treatments grassy weed biomass was lowest with the application of Pretilachlor fb by 2, 4 DEE (1.0 and 0.5 Kg ha −1, respectively). This treatment was followed by incorporation of Pendimethalin fb 2, 4 DEE (1.0 and 0.5 Kg ha −1, respectively). Amongst various chemical treatments, minimum weed biomass was registered with the incorporation of Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1.0 and 0.50 Kg ha−1, respectively) and was statistically superior to other set of experiment during the first year of at 30 DAT. However in the second year of 30 DAT this treatment was at par with the Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1) and statistically better than other chemical treatment practices. Amongst various chemical treatments maximum grain yield of 5.13 t ha−1 was observed in first year with the application of Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5 Kg ha−1, respectively) and was at par with the Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1) (5.7 t ha−1)and hand weeding twice (5.23 tha−1). However, in second year highest grain yield of 4.93t ha−1 was registered with the application of Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5 Kg ha−1, respectively), and was at par with the Anilofos + 2, 4 DEE (1 + 0.5 Kg ha−1) (4.81 t ha−1) and hand weeding twice (5.0 t ha−1). Straw yield was maximum observed with the hand weeding twice (6.80 t and 6.46 t ha−1), and was at par with the Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5Kg ha−1, respectively) and Anilofos +2, 4-DEE (1 + 0.5 Kg ha−1) during both the years this was at par with the Pendimethalin (1 Kg ha−1), Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5Kg ha−1, respectively) and Anilofos +2, 4 DEE (1 + 0.5 Kg ha−1).

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Claims 12

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

E. colona grew in moist and shallowly submerged hill conditions.

Interactor
E colonaEchinochloa colonae1weed
Outcome
E colonae1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colona · InteractorTauʻolunga · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“E colona, and E.crusgalli preferred moist condition and continued to grow under shallow submergence condition of hills”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 222–340 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

E. crusgalli grew in moist and shallowly submerged hill conditions.

Interactor
E.crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallie1weed
Outcome
E.crusgallie1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli · InteractorMichael Becker · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“E colona, and E.crusgalli preferred moist condition and continued to grow under shallow submergence condition of hills”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 222–340 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pretilachlor followed by 2,4 DEE minimized grassy weed biomass and was superior at 30 DAT in year one.

Treatment
Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1.0 and 0.50 Kg ha−1, respectively)e1
Outcome
weed biomasse1
Direction
minimume1
Comparator
other set of experimente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“minimum weed biomass was registered with the incorporation of Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1.0 and 0.50 Kg ha−1, respectively) and was statistically superior to other set of experiment during the first year of at 30 DAT”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 646–862 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 30 DAT in year two, Pretilachlor plus 2,4 DEE matched Pretilachlor alone and exceeded other treatments for weed control.

Treatment
Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1.0 and 0.50 Kg ha−1, respectively)e2
Outcome
statistically bettere1
Direction
bettere1
Comparator
Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“in the second year of 30 DAT this treatment was at par with the Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1) and statistically better than other chemical treatment practices”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 872–1028 · show in text ↑
e2

“Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1.0 and 0.50 Kg ha−1, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 708–769 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In year one, Pretilachlor plus 2,4 DEE gave maximum rice grain yield of 5.13 t ha−1.

Treatment
Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5 Kg ha−1, respectively)e1
Outcome
grain yielde1
Direction
maximume1
Value
5.13 t ha−1e1
Comparator
Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“maximum grain yield of 5.13 t ha−1 was observed in first year with the application of Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5 Kg ha−1, respectively) and was at par with the Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1) (5.7 t ha−1)and hand weeding twice (5.23 tha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1066–1310 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pretilachlor alone yielded 5.7 t ha−1 in year one.

Treatment
Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1)e1
Outcome
Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1)e1
Value
5.7 t ha−1e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“Pretilachlor (1.0 Kg ha −1) (5.7 t ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1235–1275 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Twice hand weeding yielded 5.23 tha−1 in year one.

Treatment
hand weeding twicee1
Outcome
hand weeding twicee1
Value
5.23 tha−1e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“hand weeding twice (5.23 tha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1279–1310 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In year two, Pretilachlor plus 2,4 DEE gave the highest grain yield of 4.93t ha−1.

Treatment
Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5 Kg ha−1, respectively)e1
Outcome
grain yielde1
Direction
higheste1
Value
4.93t ha−1e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“in second year highest grain yield of 4.93t ha−1 was registered with the application of Pretilachlor fb 2, 4 DEE (1 and 0.5 Kg ha−1, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1321–1467 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Anilofos plus 2,4 DEE yielded 4.81 t ha−1 in year two.

Treatment
Anilofos + 2, 4 DEE (1 + 0.5 Kg ha−1)e1
Outcome
Anilofos + 2, 4 DEEe1
Value
4.81 t ha−1e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“Anilofos + 2, 4 DEE (1 + 0.5 Kg ha−1) (4.81 t ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1493–1544 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Twice hand weeding yielded 5.0 t ha−1 in year two.

Treatment
hand weeding twicee1
Outcome
hand weeding twicee1
Value
5.0 t ha−1e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“hand weeding twice (5.0 t ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1549–1580 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Twice hand weeding produced maximum straw yield of 6.80 t in year one.

Treatment
hand weeding twicee1
Outcome
Straw yielde1
Direction
maximume1
Value
6.80 te1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“Straw yield was maximum observed with the hand weeding twice (6.80 t and 6.46 t ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1582–1667 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Twice hand weeding produced maximum straw yield of 6.46 t ha−1 in year two.

Treatment
hand weeding twicee1
Outcome
Straw yielde1
Direction
maximume1
Value
6.46 t ha−1e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“production of rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–122 · show in text ↑
e1

“Straw yield was maximum observed with the hand weeding twice (6.80 t and 6.46 t ha−1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1582–1667 · show in text ↑

Pretilachlor · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

141 papers: 133 positive, 8 negative or no effect

132 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

137 papers more in this group

See all 141 papers →

Pretilachlor · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

150 papers: 147 positive, 3 negative or no effect

146 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

146 papers more in this group

See all 150 papers →

herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

802 papers: 725 positive, 77 negative or no effect

724 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

798 papers more in this group

See all 802 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.