Abstract
Aims: Vine water deficit is widely accepted as a powerful means to control grape and wine attributes. However, quality improvement is often achieved at the expense of a reduction in yield, especially when water deficit conditions are applied during the preveraison period. The aim of the present work was to test an irrigation regime based on manipulating water availability from veraison to harvest, as a means to control berry and wine composition with minimum effect on reproductive growth parameters. Methods and results: A field trial was conducted during two consecutive years (2007-2008) in Nemea, Southern Greece. Three irrigation treatments were applied on seven-year-old, vertical shoot positioned and spur pruned Agiorgitiko vines (Vitis vinifera L.), from veraison through harvest : irrigation at 70 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (I70), irrigation at 30 % of ETc (I30) and non irrigated (NI). Irrigation amount produced significant differences in postveraison midday stem water potential pattern, especially during the drier year 2008. Yield was increased by irrigation in 2008, whereas berry growth was unaffected in both seasons. Berries of NI vines achieved higher total skin anthocyanin content in 2007, although individual anthocyanin levels were not affected by water regime. Irrigation effect on skin tannins was inconsistent but seed tannins were higher in I70 vines, with increased levels of catechin and epicatechin monomers. Among wine attributes, tannin concentration, but not anthocyanin, was mostly responsive to water deficit-induced changes in berry phenolic composition. The wines made from I70 grapes had a higher tannin content than those made from NI grapes. Conclusions: The results presented show that postveraison water regime had a significant effect on skin anthocyanins and, more markedly, on seed tannins, without altering berry growth parameters. Especially for seed tannins, this effect appears to predominate over variations in climatic conditions between years. Significance and impact of the study: This trial suggests that Agiorgitiko vines grown on the loamy soils of Nemea perform better under non irrigated conditions during the postveraison period since rainfed vines had improved phenolic composition (higher colour with lower contribution of seed tannins) without significant loss in productivity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation amount significantly changed postveraison stem water potential, especially in 2008.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- Irrigation amounte0
- Outcome
- postveraison midday stem water potential patterne0
- Qualifier
- especially during the drier year 2008e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation amount produced significant differences in postveraison midday stem water potential pattern, especially during the drier year 2008”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased yield in 2008.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in 2008e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield was increased by irrigation in 2008”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not change berry growth in either season.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione1
- Outcome
- berry growthe0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“berry growth was unaffected in both seasons”
e1“Yield was increased by irrigation in 2008”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonirrigated vines had higher total skin anthocyanin content in 2007.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- NI vinese0
- Outcome
- total skin anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in 2007e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries of NI vines achieved higher total skin anthocyanin content in 2007”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual anthocyanin levels were unaffected by water regime.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- water regimee0
- Outcome
- individual anthocyanin levelse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual anthocyanin levels were not affected by water regime”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The irrigation effect on skin tannins was inconsistent.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- skin tanninse0
- Direction
- inconsistente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation effect on skin tannins was inconsistent”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed tannins were higher in I70 vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- I70 vinese0
- Outcome
- seed tanninse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed tannins were higher in I70 vines”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Catechin and epicatechin monomers increased in I70 vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- I70 vinese0
- Outcome
- levels of catechin and epicatechin monomerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed tannins were higher in I70 vines, with increased levels of catechin and epicatechin monomers”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wine tannin concentration responded to water deficit changes in berry phenolics.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- water deficit-induced changese0
- Outcome
- tannin concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tannin concentration, but not anthocyanin, was mostly responsive to water deficit-induced changes in berry phenolic composition”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wine anthocyanin was less responsive to water deficit changes in berry phenolics.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- water deficit-induced changese0
- Outcome
- anthocyanine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tannin concentration, but not anthocyanin, was mostly responsive to water deficit-induced changes in berry phenolic composition”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wines from I70 grapes had higher tannin content than wines from NI grapes.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- I70 grapese0
- Outcome
- tannin contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NI grapese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wines made from I70 grapes had a higher tannin content than those made from NI grapes”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest nonirrigated postveraison conditions for Agiorgitiko vines on Nemea loamy soils.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Agiorgitiko vinese0
- Outcome
- perform better under non irrigated conditions during the postveraison periode0
- Setting
- Nemeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agiorgitiko vines grown on the loamy soils of Nemea perform better under non irrigated conditions during the postveraison period”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
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