Abstract
AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) has adversely affected the quality of barley grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the eastern Prairie Provinces of Canada since 1993. Objectives of this study were to document the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) on barley within North Dakota and Minnesota, investigate relationships among FHB, DON, and malt quality, and to determine at what level FHB/DON-contaminated barley can be safely utilized for the production of quality malt. Since 1993, mean DON levels have ranged from 10.3 to 0.4 μg/g, with a corresponding 81 to 32% of the regional barley crop in excess of 0.5 μg/g. Strong relationships were not observed between either kernel size or kernel weight and DON. As a consequence, cleaning is unlikely to achieve significant reductions in DON levels in most cases. In terms of barley and malt quality, the strongest relationships were observed between barley DON and malt DON and malt DON and wort color. However, malt DON levels could not be reliably predicted from barley at <1.0 μg/g. Barley with a DON level of <1.0 μg/g produced acceptable malt.RESUMENEl destrozo de la cabeza de Fusarium (FHB) ha afectado adversamente la calidad de la cebada cultivada en los Grandes Llanos norteños de Estados Unidos y las Praderas Provinciales del este de Canadá desde 1993. Los objetivos de este estudio eran documentar la ocurrencia de deoxinivalenol (DON) en cebada dentro Dakota Norte y Minnesota, investigar relaciones entre FHB, DON, y calidad de malta, y determinar hasta que nivel puede ser utilizada con seguridad la cebada contaminada con FHB/DON en la producción de malta de calidad. Desde 1993, el nivel medio de DON se ha extendido de 10.3 a 0.4 μg/g, con el correspondiente 81 a 32% de la cosecha regional de cebada en exceso de 0.5 μg/g. Relaciones fuertes no fueron observadas entre el tamaño de grano, peso de grano y DON. Por consiguiente, es poco probable que la limpieza alcance reducciones significativas de niveles de DON en la mayoría de los casos. En términos de calidad de cebada y malta, las relaciones más fuertes fueron observadas entre DON de cebada y DON de malta y DON de malta y color de mosto. Sin embargo, los niveles de DON en malta no se pudieron predecir seguramente en cebada con <1.0 μg/g. La cebada con un nivel de DON <1.0 μg/g produjo malta aceptable.KeywordsAssortmentCluster analysisDeoxynivalenolKernel weightMalt qualityMycotoxinPalabras clave: Análisis de grupoCalidad de maltaDeoxinivalenolMicotoxinaPeso de granoSurtido
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Since 1993, mean DON levels in barley ranged from 10.3 to 0.4 μg/g.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Outcome
- mean DON levelse1
- Value
- 10.3 to 0.4 μg/ge1
- Qualifier
- Since 1993e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Since 1993, mean DON levels have ranged from 10.3 to 0.4 μg/g, with a corresponding 81 to 32% of the regional barley crop in excess of 0.5 μg/g”
Claim · model-written summary
Since 1993, 81 to 32% of the regional barley crop exceeded 0.5 μg/g DON.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- regional barley crop in excess of 0.5 μg/ge1
- Value
- 81 to 32%e1
- Qualifier
- Since 1993e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Since 1993, mean DON levels have ranged from 10.3 to 0.4 μg/g, with a corresponding 81 to 32% of the regional barley crop in excess of 0.5 μg/g”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel size and kernel weight had no strong relationship with DON in malting barley.
Verbatim
t0“Quality Risks Associated with the Utilization of Fusarium Head Blight Infected Malting Barley”
e2“Strong relationships were not observed between either kernel size or kernel weight and DON”
Claim · model-written summary
Cleaning is unlikely to achieve significant reductions in DON levels of malting barley in most cases.
Verbatim
t0“Quality Risks Associated with the Utilization of Fusarium Head Blight Infected Malting Barley”
e3“As a consequence, cleaning is unlikely to achieve significant reductions in DON levels in most cases”
Claim · model-written summary
The strongest relationship in barley was between barley DON and malt DON.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Compound
- barley DONe4
- Outcome
- malt DONe4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In terms of barley and malt quality, the strongest relationships were observed between barley DON and malt DON and malt DON and wort color”
Claim · model-written summary
The strongest relationship in barley was between malt DON and wort color.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Compound
- malt DONe4
- Outcome
- wort colore4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In terms of barley and malt quality, the strongest relationships were observed between barley DON and malt DON and malt DON and wort color”
Claim · model-written summary
Malt DON levels could not be reliably predicted from barley DON at levels below 1.0 μg/g.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree5
- Outcome
- malt DON levels could not be reliably predicted from barleye5
- Qualifier
- at <1.0 μg/ge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“However, malt DON levels could not be reliably predicted from barley at <1.0 μg/g”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley with DON below 1.0 μg/g produced acceptable malt.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree6
- Outcome
- acceptable malte6
- Qualifier
- with a DON level of <1.0 μg/ge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Barley with a DON level of <1.0 μg/g produced acceptable malt”