Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek], blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper], pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] as intercrops in semi-arid (moist) Vertisols at Khedbrahma (Gujarat) and soybean and pigeonpea as intercrops in semi-arid (moist) Vertisols at Akola during rainy seasons of 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11. The intercropping systems were evaluated for superiority based on cotton equivalent yield (CEY), rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), monetary returns, sustainability yield index (SYI) and three competition indices, viz. land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and competition ratio (CR). At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17). At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19). Further, the multi-tier system of cotton + soybean + pigeonpea + soybean (3:2:2:2) was the second best with higher productivity, benefit: cost ratio and RWUE. Cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma and cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola were identified as efficient intercropping systems and could be adopted under similar agro-ecological settings in the respective domains.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma had higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- cotton + blackgram (1:1)e1
- Outcome
- mean CEYe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 983 kg/hae1
- Setting
- Khedbrahmae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e1“At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma had higher net returns (18,893/ha).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + blackgram (1:1)e1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 18,893/hae1
- Setting
- Khedbrahmae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e1“At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma had higher benefit: cost ratio (2.68).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + blackgram (1:1)e1
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 2.68e1
- Setting
- Khedbrahmae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e1“At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma had higher RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + blackgram (1:1)e1
- Outcome
- RWUEe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 2.23 kg/ha-mme1
- Setting
- Khedbrahmae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e1“At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma had higher SYI (70.4).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + blackgram (1:1)e1
- Outcome
- SYIe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 70.4e1
- Setting
- Khedbrahmae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e1“At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma had higher LER (1.44).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + blackgram (1:1)e1
- Outcome
- LERe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.44e1
- Setting
- Khedbrahmae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e1“At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma had lower total CR (2.17).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + blackgram (1:1)e1
- Outcome
- total CRe1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 2.17e1
- Setting
- Khedbrahmae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e1“At Khedbrahma, cotton + blackgram (1:1) was found to be an efficient system with significantly higher mean CEY (983 kg/ha), net returns (18,893/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.68), RWUE (2.23 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (70.4) and LER (1.44) and lower total CR (2.17)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola had higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + soybean (1:1)e2
- Outcome
- mean CEYe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 1,609 kg/hae2
- Setting
- Akolae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e2“At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola had higher net returns (35,177/ha).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + soybean (1:1)e2
- Outcome
- net returnse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 35,177/hae2
- Setting
- Akolae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e2“At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola had higher benefit: cost ratio (2.94).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + soybean (1:1)e2
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 2.94e2
- Setting
- Akolae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e2“At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola had higher RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + soybean (1:1)e2
- Outcome
- RWUEe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 3.68 kg/ha-mme2
- Setting
- Akolae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e2“At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola had higher SYI (34.1).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + soybean (1:1)e2
- Outcome
- SYIe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 34.1e2
- Setting
- Akolae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e2“At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola had higher LER (1.31).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + soybean (1:1)e2
- Outcome
- LERe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 1.31e2
- Setting
- Akolae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e2“At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola had lower total CR (2.19).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + soybean (1:1)e2
- Outcome
- total CRe2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 2.19e2
- Setting
- Akolae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e2“At Akola, cotton + soybean (1:1) was found to be efficient with significantly higher mean CEY (1,609 kg/ha) besides higher net returns (35,177/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.94), RWUE (3.68 kg/ha-mm), higher SYI (34.1) and LER (1.31) and lower total CR (2.19)”
Claim · model-written summary
The multi-tier cotton + soybean + pigeonpea + soybean (3:2:2:2) system was the second best, with higher productivity, benefit: cost ratio and RWUE.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- multi-tier system of cotton + soybean + pigeonpea + soybean (3:2:2:2)e3
- Outcome
- productivity, benefit: cost ratio and RWUEe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- second beste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e3“Further, the multi-tier system of cotton + soybean + pigeonpea + soybean (3:2:2:2) was the second best with higher productivity, benefit: cost ratio and RWUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton + blackgram at Khedbrahma and cotton + soybean at Akola could be adopted under similar agro-ecological settings.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume4
- Outcome
- could be adopted under similar agro-ecological settingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium spp.)-based intercropping systems with greengram”
e4“Cotton + blackgram (1:1) at Khedbrahma and cotton + soybean (1:1) at Akola were identified as efficient intercropping systems and could be adopted under similar agro-ecological settings in the respective domains”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.