Abstract
The effects of extracts from purple nutsedge tubers were determined on the germination, growth, root leakage, water status, and photosynthesis of an Upland cotton, DPL 5415, and a Pima cotton, Pima S-7. Tubers extracts inhibited secondary root growth of seedlings more than primary root growth. At 500 ppmw, primary root growth was inhibited 44 percent whereas inhibition of secondary root growth was 64 percent. Non-polar extracts were more inhibitory to growth than polar extracts. Cotton plants grown in soil treated with hexane extracts of tubers containing non-polar allelopathic substances also lost electrolytes from their roots indicating an effect on root function. The effects on root function resulted in perturbations to the capacity of the plants to maintain efficient water status. At 250 ppmw of the hexane extract, the plant water potential, the leaf water content, and the leaf osmotic potential decreased from -0.7 to -1.3 MPa, from 89 to 79 percent, and from -0.8 to -1.0 MPa, respectively. In addition, the photosynthetic capacity of cotton was decreased 50 percent in both cotton cultivars in the second and third day after transplanting to soil treated with 62 ppmw of the hexane extracts. Leaf dehydration to below 70 percent relative water content and a reduction of quantum yield was detected in DPL 5415 at 125 ppmw of the hexane extracts. However, Pima S-7 was capable of tolerating higher levels of dehydration and did not show the reduction of quantum yield. Leaf expansion and epicotyl growth were also inhibited by 30 and 37 percent, respectively, by the hexane extracts at 250 ppmw. Purple nutsedge tubers released volatile substances that inhibited growth when trapped and tested on cotton seedlings, and caused root leakage. GC analyses showed that both the hexane extracts of purple nutsedge tubers and the volatile compounds released from the tubers contained substances with retention times that are characteristic of sesquiterpenes. These results demonstrate that purple nutsedge tubers contain allelopathic substances capable of inhibiting the growth of cotton by interfering with membranes of root cells, disrupting water status, and affecting photosynthesis.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Tuber extracts inhibited cotton secondary root growth more than primary root growth.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Tubers extractse0
- Outcome
- secondary root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- primary root growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tubers extracts inhibited secondary root growth of seedlings more than primary root growth”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 ppmw, primary root growth was inhibited 44 percent.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 500 ppmwe0
- Outcome
- primary root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 44 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 500 ppmw, primary root growth was inhibited 44 percent”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 ppmw, secondary root growth was inhibited 64 percent.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- secondary root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 64 percente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of secondary root growth was 64 percent”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-polar extracts inhibited cotton growth more than polar extracts.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Non-polar extractse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- more inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- polar extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Non-polar extracts were more inhibitory to growth than polar extracts”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexane tuber extracts caused root electrolyte loss.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- hexane extracts of tuberse0
- Outcome
- lost electrolytes from their rootse0
- Direction
- loste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton plants grown in soil treated with hexane extracts of tubers containing non-polar allelopathic substances also lost electrolytes from their roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 ppmw, plant water potential fell from -0.7 to -1.3 MPa.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 250 ppmw of the hexane extracte0
- Outcome
- plant water potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -0.7 to -1.3 MPae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 250 ppmw of the hexane extract, the plant water potential, the leaf water content, and the leaf osmotic potential decreased from -0.7 to -1.3 MPa, from 89 to 79 percent, and from -0.8 to -1.0 MPa, respectively”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 ppmw, leaf water content fell from 89 to 79 percent.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- leaf water contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 89 to 79 percente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf water content, and the leaf osmotic potential decreased from -0.7 to -1.3 MPa, from 89 to 79 percent, and from -0.8 to -1.0 MPa, respectively”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 ppmw, leaf osmotic potential fell from -0.8 to -1.0 MPa.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- leaf osmotic potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -0.8 to -1.0 MPae0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf osmotic potential decreased from -0.7 to -1.3 MPa, from 89 to 79 percent, and from -0.8 to -1.0 MPa, respectively”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic capacity fell 50 percent in both cotton cultivars after 62 ppmw treatment.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 62 ppmw of the hexane extractse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50 percente0
- Qualifier
- second and third daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the photosynthetic capacity of cotton was decreased 50 percent in both cotton cultivars in the second and third day after transplanting to soil treated with 62 ppmw of the hexane extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
DPL 5415 leaves dehydrated below 70 percent relative water content at 125 ppmw.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- DPL 5415e0
- Treatment
- 125 ppmw of the hexane extractse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- dehydratione0
- Value
- below 70 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf dehydration to below 70 percent relative water content and a reduction of quantum yield was detected in DPL 5415 at 125 ppmw of the hexane extracts”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
DPL 5415 quantum yield fell at 125 ppmw.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- DPL 5415e0
- Treatment
- 125 ppmw of the hexane extractse0
- Outcome
- quantum yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction of quantum yield was detected in DPL 5415 at 125 ppmw of the hexane extracts”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pima S-7 tolerated greater dehydration without reduced quantum yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Pima S-7e0
- Outcome
- quantum yielde0
- Direction
- did not show the reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pima S-7 was capable of tolerating higher levels of dehydration and did not show the reduction of quantum yield”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf expansion was inhibited 30 percent by 250 ppmw hexane extract.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- hexane extracts at 250 ppmwe0
- Outcome
- Leaf expansione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 30 and 37 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf expansion and epicotyl growth were also inhibited by 30 and 37 percent, respectively, by the hexane extracts at 250 ppmw”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Epicotyl growth was inhibited 37 percent by 250 ppmw hexane extract.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- hexane extracts at 250 ppmwe0
- Outcome
- epicotyl growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 37 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf expansion and epicotyl growth were also inhibited by 30 and 37 percent, respectively, by the hexane extracts at 250 ppmw”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trapped volatile substances from purple nutsedge tubers inhibited cotton seedling growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- volatile substancese0
- Interactor
- Purple nutsedgee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purple nutsedge tubers released volatile substances that inhibited growth when trapped and tested on cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple nutsedge volatiles caused cotton root leakage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- volatile substancese0
- Interactor
- Purple nutsedgee0
- Outcome
- root leakagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purple nutsedge tubers released volatile substances that inhibited growth when trapped and tested on cotton seedlings, and caused root leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexane extracts contained substances with sesquiterpene-like retention times.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- substances with retention times that are characteristic of sesquiterpenese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hexane extracts of purple nutsedge tubers and the volatile compounds released from the tubers contained substances with retention times that are characteristic of sesquiterpenes”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple nutsedge tuber volatiles contained substances with sesquiterpene-like retention times.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- substances with retention times that are characteristic of sesquiterpenese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the volatile compounds released from the tubers contained substances with retention times that are characteristic of sesquiterpenes”
t0“cotton (Gossypium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute cotton growth inhibition to root membrane, water status and photosynthesis disruption.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- purple nutsedgee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- interfering with membranes of root cells, disrupting water status, and affecting photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple nutsedge tubers contain allelopathic substances capable of inhibiting the growth of cotton by interfering with membranes of root cells, disrupting water status, and affecting photosynthesis”
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