Abstract
In the present study, a consortium of two rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bk7 and Brevibacillus laterosporus B4, termed 'BB', biochemical elicitors salicylic acid and β-aminobutyric acid (SB) and their mixture (BBSB) were investigated for cold and drought stress tolerance in rice plants. After withholding water for 16 days, rice plants treated with BBSB showed 100% survival, improved seedling height (35.4 cm), shoot number (6.12), and showed minimum symptoms of chlorosis (19%), wilting (4%), necrosis (6%) and rolling of leaves. Similarly, BB inoculation enhanced plant growth and reduced overall symptoms in rice seedlings subjected to 0 ± 5 °C for 24 h. Our results imply several mechanisms underlying BB- and BBSB-elicited stress tolerance. In contrast to the control, both treatments significantly decreased leaf monodehydroascorbate (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage, and increased leaf proline and cholorophyll content. Moreover, activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased 3.0- and 3.6-fold, respectively. Moreover, expression of OsMYB3R-2, OsDIL, OsDREB1A and OsCDPK13 genes was significantly up-regulated, suggesting that these genes play important roles in abiotic stress tolerance of rice. In addition, bacterial strains Bk7 and B4 were able to produce high amounts of IAA and siderophores, and colonise the plant roots, while only strain Bk7 exhibited the capability to form biofilms and solubilise inorganic phosphate. This study indicates that the BB and BBSB bio-formulations can be used to confer induced systematic tolerance and improve the health of rice plants subject to chilling and drought stress.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
BBSB-treated rice survived 16 days without water at 100%.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- BBSBe0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- withholding water for 16 dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“After withholding water for 16 days, rice plants treated with BBSB showed 100% survival”
Claim · model-written summary
BBSB improved rice seedling height to 35.4 cm after water was withheld.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BBSBe1
- Outcome
- seedling heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 35.4 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“improved seedling height (35.4 cm)”
e1“After withholding water for 16 days, rice plants treated with BBSB showed 100% survival”
Claim · model-written summary
BBSB improved rice shoot number to 6.12 after water was withheld.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BBSBe1
- Outcome
- shoot numbere0
- Value
- 6.12e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“shoot number (6.12)”
e1“After withholding water for 16 days, rice plants treated with BBSB showed 100% survival”
Claim · model-written summary
BBSB-treated rice had 19% chlorosis after water was withheld.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- chlorosise0
- Value
- 19%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“minimum symptoms of chlorosis (19%)”
Claim · model-written summary
BBSB-treated rice had 4% wilting after water was withheld.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- wiltinge0
- Value
- 4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“wilting (4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
BBSB-treated rice had 6% necrosis after water was withheld.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- necrosise0
- Value
- 6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“necrosis (6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
BBSB-treated rice had minimal leaf rolling after water was withheld.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- rolling of leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“minimum symptoms of chlorosis (19%), wilting (4%), necrosis (6%) and rolling of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
BB inoculation enhanced rice seedling growth in chilling conditions.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BB inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 0 ± 5 °C for 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“BB inoculation enhanced plant growth and reduced overall symptoms in rice seedlings subjected to 0 ± 5 °C for 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
BB inoculation reduced overall symptoms in chilled rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BB inoculatione0
- Outcome
- overall symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 0 ± 5 °C for 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“BB inoculation enhanced plant growth and reduced overall symptoms in rice seedlings subjected to 0 ± 5 °C for 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
BB and BBSB significantly decreased rice leaf MDA content relative to control.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- both treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf monodehydroascorbate (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“In contrast to the control, both treatments significantly decreased leaf monodehydroascorbate (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
BB and BBSB significantly decreased rice electrolyte leakage relative to control.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- both treatmentse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“In contrast to the control, both treatments significantly decreased leaf monodehydroascorbate (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
BB and BBSB increased rice leaf proline and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- both treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf proline and cholorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“both treatments significantly decreased leaf monodehydroascorbate (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage, and increased leaf proline and cholorophyll content”
e1“In contrast to the control, both treatments significantly decreased leaf monodehydroascorbate (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity increased 3.0-fold.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.0-e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased 3.0- and 3.6-fold, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity increased 3.6-fold.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.6-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased 3.0- and 3.6-fold, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
OsMYB3R-2, OsDIL, OsDREB1A and OsCDPK13 expression was significantly up-regulated.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsMYB3R-2, OsDIL, OsDREB1A and OsCDPK13e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“expression of OsMYB3R-2, OsDIL, OsDREB1A and OsCDPK13 genes was significantly up-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Bk7 and B4 produced high amounts of IAA and siderophores.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- bacterial strains Bk7 and B4 were able to produce high amounts of IAA and siderophorese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“bacterial strains Bk7 and B4 were able to produce high amounts of IAA and siderophores”
Claim · model-written summary
Bk7 and B4 colonised rice roots.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- colonise the plant rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“bacterial strains Bk7 and B4 were able to produce high amounts of IAA and siderophores, and colonise the plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Only Bk7 formed biofilms and solubilised inorganic phosphate.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- strain Bk7 exhibited the capability to form biofilms and solubilise inorganic phosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“only strain Bk7 exhibited the capability to form biofilms and solubilise inorganic phosphate”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose BB and BBSB formulations to improve rice health under chilling and drought.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- confer induced systematic tolerance and improve the health of rice plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“BB and BBSB bio-formulations can be used to confer induced systematic tolerance and improve the health of rice plants subject to chilling and drought stress”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
105 papers in the same direction as this paper · 51 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
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See all 158 papers →inoculation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
361 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
395 papers more in this group
See all 399 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.