Abstract
The status of nutrients – their depletion and build-up in soil, and crop productivity after thirty-six years (1972–73 to 2008–09) of intensive cropping were studied under continuous use of various inorganic fertilizers and organic manure in a Vertisol. Results showed that the application of recommended dose of N, P and K (20:80:20 kg ha−1 to soybean and 120:80:40 kg ha−1 to wheat) with organic manure @ 15 t FYM ha−1 resulted in 145 and 292% increase in soybean and wheat yields, respectively over control. Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK substantially improved the organic carbon status by 3.9 g kg−1, as well as available N, P and S by 126.8, 25.5 and 28.5 kg ha−1 in soil over its initial values, thereby indicating significant contribution towards sustaining the soil health. On the other hand, omission of S in 100% NPK–S treatment caused a continuous depletion (5.8%) in soil S status over initial value. A declining trend (179 to 314.8 kg ha−1) from its initial value (370.0 kg ha−1) of available K status was also observed as a result of continuous cropping; this indicates considerable mining of available K from the soil. However, the decline of K was of lower magnitude with 100% NPK+FYM (14.9%) and 150% NPK (20.0%) treatments indicating the need to raise the level of K fertilizer application to meet the demand of crops. However, the fertility of the soil appears to be adversely affected due to the imbalanced use of nutrients viz., NP or N alone. Thus, the balanced use of fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with organic manure is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended NPK plus manure increased soybean yield 145% over control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- organic manure @ 15 t FYM ha−1e0
- Outcome
- soybeane0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 145e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of recommended dose of N, P and K (20:80:20 kg ha−1 to soybean and 120:80:40 kg ha−1 to wheat) with organic manure @ 15 t FYM ha−1 resulted in 145 and 292% increase in soybean and wheat yields, respectively over control”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended NPK plus manure increased wheat yield 292% over control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- organic manure @ 15 t FYM ha−1e0
- Outcome
- wheat yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 292%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of recommended dose of N, P and K (20:80:20 kg ha−1 to soybean and 120:80:40 kg ha−1 to wheat) with organic manure @ 15 t FYM ha−1 resulted in 145 and 292% increase in soybean and wheat yields, respectively over control”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus 100% NPK improved soil organic carbon by 3.9 g kg−1 over initial value.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- FYM with 100% NPKe0
- Outcome
- organic carbon statuse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.9 g kg−1e0
- Comparator
- initial valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK substantially improved the organic carbon status by 3.9 g kg−1, as well as available N, P and S by 126.8, 25.5 and 28.5 kg ha−1 in soil over its initial values”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus 100% NPK improved available soil N by 126.8 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- FYM with 100% NPKe0
- Outcome
- available Ne0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 126.8e0
- Comparator
- initial valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK substantially improved the organic carbon status by 3.9 g kg−1, as well as available N, P and S by 126.8, 25.5 and 28.5 kg ha−1 in soil over its initial values”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus 100% NPK improved available soil P by 25.5 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- FYM with 100% NPKe0
- Outcome
- available N, P and Se0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 25.5e0
- Comparator
- initial valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK substantially improved the organic carbon status by 3.9 g kg−1, as well as available N, P and S by 126.8, 25.5 and 28.5 kg ha−1 in soil over its initial values”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus 100% NPK improved available soil S by 28.5 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- FYM with 100% NPKe0
- Outcome
- available N, P and Se0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 28.5 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- initial valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conjoint use of FYM with 100% NPK substantially improved the organic carbon status by 3.9 g kg−1, as well as available N, P and S by 126.8, 25.5 and 28.5 kg ha−1 in soil over its initial values”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting S from NPK depleted soil S by 5.8%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK–S treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil S statuse0
- Direction
- depletione0
- Value
- 5.8%e0
- Comparator
- initial valuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“omission of S in 100% NPK–S treatment caused a continuous depletion (5.8%) in soil S status over initial value”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping lowered available soil K from 370.0 to 179–314.8 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- available K statuse0
- Direction
- declininge0
- Value
- 179 to 314.8 kg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 370.0 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- initial valuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A declining trend (179 to 314.8 kg ha−1) from its initial value (370.0 kg ha−1) of available K status was also observed as a result of continuous cropping”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline of K was 14.9% with 100% NPK+FYM.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decline of K was of lower magnitude with 100% NPK+FYM (14.9%) and 150% NPK (20.0%) treatments”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline of K was 20.0% with 150% NPK.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decline of K was of lower magnitude with 100% NPK+FYM (14.9%) and 150% NPK (20.0%) treatments”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Imbalanced NP or N alone appeared to harm soil fertility.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NP or N alonee0
- Outcome
- fertility of the soile0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fertility of the soil appears to be adversely affected due to the imbalanced use of nutrients viz., NP or N alone”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced continuous fertilizer use, alone or with manure, was recommended to sustain soil fertility and crop productivity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- balanced use of fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with organic manuree0
- Outcome
- sustaining soil fertility and productivity of cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the balanced use of fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with organic manure is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops”
t0“Soybean-Wheat”
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