Abstract
Drought is the main abiotic constraint that affects crop species behaviour regarding bio-chemical responses. The current study was conducted to examine the effect of water deficit on growth, phenolic and carotenoid contents as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers. Hence, plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (100 %), moderate water deficit (50 %) and severe water deficit (25 %). Obtained results showed that plant growth was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced under 50 %. Drought increased flower phenolic acids contents especially gallic acid where they increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 2.73 fold (104) and by 2.87 fold (Jawhara) with respect to controls under 50 %. However, the amounts of this major compound were reduced at 25 % by 9.66 % (104) and 3.83 % (Jawhara). Similar to phenolic compounds, total carotenoid content was at its highest level especially for Jawhara with an increase by 35.19 % at 50 %. On the other hands, C. tinctorius flowers extracts exhibited high antiradical activity as compared to BHT. A gradual increase by 35.29 % (Jawhara) and 33.33 % (104) especially under 25 % was observed. Moreover, under 50 %, the antimicrobial activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 30 % and 10.05 % against Aspergillus carbonarus and Pseudomonas aerogenosa, respectively. Taken together, our findings suggest that C. tinctorius could be a raw material for production of natural dyes under moderate salinity conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth was significantly reduced under moderate water deficit (50%) compared with control.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctoriuse1 - Treatment
- moderate water deficit (50 %)e2
- Outcome
- plant growthe3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05e3
- Comparator
- control (100 %)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e2“plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (100 %), moderate water deficit (50 %) and severe water deficit (25 %)”
e3“Obtained results showed that plant growth was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced under 50 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50% water deficit, gallic acid in variety 104 increased by 2.73 fold relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- 104e4
- Treatment
- Droughte4
- Outcome
- gallic acide4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 2.73 folde4
- Qualifier
- under 50 %e4
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e4“Drought increased flower phenolic acids contents especially gallic acid where they increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 2.73 fold (104) and by 2.87 fold (Jawhara) with respect to controls under 50 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50% water deficit, gallic acid in variety Jawhara increased by 2.87 fold relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- Jawharae4
- Treatment
- Droughte4
- Outcome
- gallic acide4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 2.87 folde4
- Qualifier
- under 50 %e4
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e4“Drought increased flower phenolic acids contents especially gallic acid where they increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 2.73 fold (104) and by 2.87 fold (Jawhara) with respect to controls under 50 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 25% water deficit, the major phenolic compound amount in variety 104 was reduced by 9.66%.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- 104e5
- Treatment
- severe water deficit (25 %)e2
- Outcome
- amounts of this major compounde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 9.66 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e2“plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (100 %), moderate water deficit (50 %) and severe water deficit (25 %)”
e5“However, the amounts of this major compound were reduced at 25 % by 9.66 % (104) and 3.83 % (Jawhara)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 25% water deficit, the major phenolic compound amount in variety Jawhara was reduced by 3.83%.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- Jawharae5
- Treatment
- severe water deficit (25 %)e2
- Outcome
- amounts of this major compounde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 3.83 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e2“plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (100 %), moderate water deficit (50 %) and severe water deficit (25 %)”
e5“However, the amounts of this major compound were reduced at 25 % by 9.66 % (104) and 3.83 % (Jawhara)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50% water deficit, total carotenoid content in Jawhara increased by 35.19%.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- Jawharae6
- Treatment
- moderate water deficit (50 %)e2
- Outcome
- total carotenoid contente6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 35.19 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e2“plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control (100 %), moderate water deficit (50 %) and severe water deficit (25 %)”
e6“Similar to phenolic compounds, total carotenoid content was at its highest level especially for Jawhara with an increase by 35.19 % at 50 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Safflower flower extracts showed high antiradical activity compared with BHT.
- Taxon
- C. tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse7
- Organ / stage
- flowerse7
- Outcome
- antiradical activitye7
- Qualifier
- highe7
- Comparator
- BHTe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“On the other hands, C. tinctorius flowers extracts exhibited high antiradical activity as compared to BHT”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 25% water deficit, antiradical activity of Jawhara flowers increased by 35.29%.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- Jawharae6
- Treatment
- under 25 %e6
- Outcome
- antiradical activitye7
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 35.29 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e7“On the other hands, C. tinctorius flowers extracts exhibited high antiradical activity as compared to BHT”
e6“A gradual increase by 35.29 % (Jawhara) and 33.33 % (104) especially under 25 % was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 25% water deficit, antiradical activity of variety 104 flowers increased by 33.33%.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- 104e6
- Treatment
- under 25 %e6
- Outcome
- antiradical activitye7
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 33.33 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e7“On the other hands, C. tinctorius flowers extracts exhibited high antiradical activity as compared to BHT”
e6“A gradual increase by 35.29 % (Jawhara) and 33.33 % (104) especially under 25 % was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50% water deficit, antimicrobial activity increased by 30% against Aspergillus carbonarus.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- under 50 %e7
- Interactor
- Aspergillus carbonaruse7pathogen
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activitye7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 30 %e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e7“Moreover, under 50 %, the antimicrobial activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 30 % and 10.05 % against Aspergillus carbonarus and Pseudomonas aerogenosa, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50% water deficit, antimicrobial activity increased by 10.05% against Pseudomonas aerogenosa.
- Taxon
- Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- under 50 %e7
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aerogenosae7pathogen
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activitye7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 10.05 %e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) flowers”
e7“Moreover, under 50 %, the antimicrobial activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 30 % and 10.05 % against Aspergillus carbonarus and Pseudomonas aerogenosa, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest C. tinctorius could be a raw material for natural dye production under moderate salinity.
- Taxon
- C. tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriuse6
- Outcome
- raw material for production of natural dyese6
- Qualifier
- under moderate salinity conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Taken together, our findings suggest that C. tinctorius could be a raw material for production of natural dyes under moderate salinity conditions”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.