Abstract
Field emergence of different crops significantly varies under Hungarian ecologi- cal conditions. Tillage systems may strongly affect the germination environment of seeds by changing temperature and moisture of the topsoil, seed-soil contact and the amount of crop residues. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of soil cultivation on maize germination. Methods of soil cultivation were: conventional tillage (winter ploughed soil), spring tillage, conservation tillage (spring disk harrowing). Spring was particularly dry. Bulk density and water content in case of winter ploughed soil was higher and the placement of plant residues was lower compared to spring tilled soil. The highest germination percentage of maize was observed after winter tillage, the lowest was after spring disk tillage. The cultivation had a higher effect on germination than the differences of soil moisture or soil compaction in itself. Plant residues got into greater depths in the ploughed treatment and ploughing reduced the number of weed seedlings. In the effect of cultivation the changes of multiple soil conditions were cumulated. Results suggest an important effect of cultivation method on bulk density, on water holding capacity parameters of soils and finally on seedling emergence.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Winter tillage gave the highest maize germination percentage, whereas spring disk tillage gave the lowest.
- Treatment
- winter tillagee0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- spring disk tillagee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest germination percentage of maize was observed after winter tillage, the lowest was after spring disk tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation had a greater effect on maize germination than soil moisture or compaction differences alone.
- Treatment
- cultivatione0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the differences of soil moisture or soil compaction in itselfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivation had a higher effect on germination than the differences of soil moisture or soil compaction in itself.”
e1“maize germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughing reduced weed seedling numbers.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ploughing reduced the number of weed seedlings”
e1“maize germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant residues reached greater depths under ploughing.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant residues got into greater depths in the ploughed treatment”
e1“maize germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter ploughed soil had higher bulk density and water content than spring tilled soil.
- Treatment
- winter ploughed soile0
- Outcome
- Bulk density and water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- spring tilled soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bulk density and water content in case of winter ploughed soil was higher and the placement of plant residues was lower compared to spring tilled soil.”
e1“maize germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant residue placement was lower in winter ploughed soil than spring tilled soil.
- Treatment
- winter ploughed soile0
- Outcome
- placement of plant residuese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- spring tilled soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bulk density and water content in case of winter ploughed soil was higher and the placement of plant residues was lower compared to spring tilled soil.”
e1“maize germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and cultivation changed soil conditions that ultimately affected seedling emergence.
- Treatment
- cultivation methode0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Qualifier
- bulk density, on water holding capacity parameters of soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results suggest an important effect of cultivation method on bulk density, on water holding capacity parameters of soils and finally on seedling emergence.”
e1“maize germination”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 111 papers →tillage · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
195 papers in the same direction as this paper · 81 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
279 papers more in this group
See all 283 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.