Abstract
Nine heat-tolerant tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.)] breeding lines, four heat-tolerant cultivars, and four heat-sensitive cultivars were evaluated in the greenhouse under high temperature (39C day/28C night) and in the field. Criteria for heat tolerance included flowering, fruit set, yield, fruit quality, and seed production. Under high-temperature conditions, the group of heat-tolerant lines, the heat-tolerant cultivars, and the heat-sensitive cultivars produced, respectively, the following per plant: flowers, 186, 94, and 55; fruit set 70%, 52%, and 30%; yield, 410, 173, and 11 g; and normal mature fruit, 72%, 37%, and 7%. Yields of heat-tolerant lines under high temperature in the greenhouse ranged from 118% to 31% of their respective yields in the field. Yields of heat-tolerant cultivars were 62% of those in the field. In contrast, yields of heat-sensitive cultivars under high temperature were < 1% of their respective yields in the field. High temperature induced flower abscission, reduced fruit set and yield, and increased the incidence of abnormalities. Major fruit abnormalities with high temperatures included cracks, blossomed rot, watery tissue, and small, immature fruits. Production of viable seeds under the high-temperature regime was severely reduced or totally inhibited regardless of the heat-tolerance level exhibited by the line or cultivar. The failure of heat-sensitive and most heat-tolerant cultivars or lines to produce viable seeds under such a high temperature suggests that a lower level of heat stress than that applied in these experiments could allow the production of enough seeds to test the relationship between heat tolerance in a genotype and its ability to produce viable seeds under high temperature. The results indicate that certain lines have high tolerance to heat and, therefore, could provide valuable sources of plant material for physiological studies to establish the physiological and molecular bases of heat tolerance. Some of the heat-tolerant lines might also serve as excellent germplasm sources in breeding heat-tolerant tomato cultivars.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant lines averaged 186 flowers per plant under heat.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- heat-tolerant linese0
- Outcome
- flowerse0
- Value
- 186e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high-temperature conditions, the group of heat-tolerant lines, the heat-tolerant cultivars, and the heat-sensitive cultivars produced, respectively, the following per plant: flowers, 186, 94, and 55”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant cultivars averaged 94 flowers per plant under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- heat-tolerant cultivarse0
- Outcome
- flowerse0
- Value
- 94e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high-temperature conditions, the group of heat-tolerant lines, the heat-tolerant cultivars, and the heat-sensitive cultivars produced, respectively, the following per plant: flowers, 186, 94, and 55”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-sensitive cultivars averaged 55 flowers per plant under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- heat-sensitive cultivarse0
- Outcome
- flowerse0
- Value
- 55e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high-temperature conditions, the group of heat-tolerant lines, the heat-tolerant cultivars, and the heat-sensitive cultivars produced, respectively, the following per plant: flowers, 186, 94, and 55”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant lines averaged 70% fruit set under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit set 70%, 52%, and 30%”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant cultivars averaged 52% fruit set under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Value
- 52%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit set 70%, 52%, and 30%”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-sensitive cultivars averaged 30% fruit set under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit set 70%, 52%, and 30%”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant lines yielded 410 g per plant under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 410e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield, 410, 173, and 11 g”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant cultivars yielded 173 g per plant under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 173e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield, 410, 173, and 11 g”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-sensitive cultivars yielded 11 g per plant under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 11 ge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield, 410, 173, and 11 g”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant lines produced 72% normal mature fruit under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- normal mature fruite0
- Value
- 72%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“normal mature fruit, 72%, 37%, and 7%”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-tolerant cultivars produced 37% normal mature fruit under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- normal mature fruite0
- Value
- 37%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“normal mature fruit, 72%, 37%, and 7%”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-sensitive cultivars produced 7% normal mature fruit under heat.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- normal mature fruite0
- Value
- 7%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“normal mature fruit, 72%, 37%, and 7%”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse heat-stressed yields of tolerant lines were 118% to 31% of field yields.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- heat-tolerant linese0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Value
- 118% to 31%e0
- Comparator
- the fielde0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of heat-tolerant lines under high temperature in the greenhouse ranged from 118% to 31% of their respective yields in the field”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse heat-stressed yields of tolerant cultivars were 62% of field yields.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- heat-tolerant cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- the fielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of heat-tolerant cultivars were 62% of those in the field”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-sensitive cultivars under heat yielded less than 1% of field yields.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- heat-sensitive cultivarse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- < 1%e0
- Comparator
- the fielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields of heat-sensitive cultivars under high temperature were < 1% of their respective yields in the field”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature induced flower abscission.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- flower abscissione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature induced flower abscission, reduced fruit set and yield, and increased the incidence of abnormalities”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced fruit set and yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- fruit set and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature induced flower abscission, reduced fruit set and yield, and increased the incidence of abnormalities”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased fruit abnormalities including cracks, blossom rot, watery tissue and small immature fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- incidence of abnormalitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- cracks, blossomed rot, watery tissue, and small, immature fruitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature induced flower abscission, reduced fruit set and yield, and increased the incidence of abnormalities. Major fruit abnormalities with high temperatures included cracks, blossomed rot, watery tissue, and small, immature fruits”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature severely reduced or eliminated viable seed production regardless of tolerance category.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high-temperature regimee0
- Outcome
- Production of viable seedse0
- Direction
- severely reduced or totally inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of viable seeds under the high-temperature regime was severely reduced or totally inhibited regardless of the heat-tolerance level exhibited by the line or cultivar”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant lines may be valuable material for physiological studies and breeding heat-tolerant cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- heat-tolerant linese0
- Outcome
- germplasm sources in breeding heat-tolerant tomato cultivarse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“certain lines have high tolerance to heat and, therefore, could provide valuable sources of plant material for physiological studies to establish the physiological and molecular bases of heat tolerance. Some of the heat-tolerant lines might also serve as excellent germplasm sources in breeding heat-tolerant tomato cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 73 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.